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positioning
chapter 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A portion of the lamina located between the superior and inferior articular process is called the | pars interarticularis |
| The superior and inferior vertebral notches join together to form the | intervertebral foramina |
| Which position best shows the intervertebral foramina | lateral |
| What angle shows the zygapophseal joints in either greater or lesser for the lower lumbar vertebrae compared with the upper | 50 for upper 30 for lower |
| The small foramina found in the sacrum are caled | pelvic sacral foramina |
| Promontory is | the ant and sup aspect that forms the post wall of the pelvic inlet |
| Another term for sacral horns | cornua |
| Formal term for tail bone | coccyx |
| Name of the superior broad aspect of the coccyx | base |
| A radiograph of an AP projection of the lumbar spine reveals of the spinous processes are not midline to the vertebral column and distortion of the vertebral bodies is present. Which specific positioning error is present on this radiograph | Rotation of the spine |
| A radiograph of an LPO projection of the lumbar spine reveals that the downside pedicles and zygapophyseal joints are projected over the anterior portion of the vertebral bodies. Which specific positioning error is present on this radiograph | Insufficient rotation of the spine |
| An lat proj of a female lumbar spine reveals that the mid to lower into vertebral joint spaces are not open. The technologist supported the midsection of the spine with sponges to straighten the spine. What else can be done to open the joint spaces | If the pelvis is wide DCR can be angled to 5° to 8 caudad |
| A lateral L5 to S1 projection reveals that the joint space is not open. The technologist did support the mid aspect of the spine with a sponge. What else can be done to open up the joint space | More support or 5° to 8 caudad |
| A radiograph of an AP axial projection of the coccyx reveals that the distal tip is superimposed over the symphysis pubis. What must be done to elliminate this problem | Increased the CR angle |
| A radiograph of an Oblique position. Of the lumbar spine reveals that the downside pedicle in the zygapophyseal joint or posterior in relation to the vertebral body. What mod of the position must be made during the repeat to make a more diagnostic image | Decreased rotation of body and spine |
| A patient comes to the rad department for follow up of a compression fracture of L3. The radiologist request that collimated projections be taken of L3. Which projections and centering would provide a quality study and the intravertebral joints spaces | AP or PA and collimated lateral. CR should be 2 inches above the iliac crest |
| A young female patient comes to the rad department for scoliosis series. She has had repeated radiation exposure over a period of time and is concerned about the radiation. What three things can I take due to minimize the dose delivered to her breast | Use high KV, PA, Breasts shields |
| A patient with an injury to the coccyx enters the ER. When attempting to The ap the patient complains that it is too uncomfortable and lying on his back and he is unable to stand. What else can be done | Do pa |
| A patient with a history of Spondylolithesis at the L5 to S1 level comes to the department. Which specific lumbar spine position is most diagnostic and demonstrating the extent of this condition | Lateral |
| A positioning serious for S I joint is performed. The radiographs do not demonstrate the inferior portion of the joints. What else can be done to demonstrate the SI joints | Angle 15 to 20° cephalad |
| A patient comes to the radiology department for a lumbar spine series. He has a clinical history of advance spondylolysis. What specific projections of the spine will best demonstrate the condition | Posterior or anterior obl |
| A patient comes to the radiology department with the clinical history of HNP. Which imaging modality provides the most diagnostic study of this condition | Mri |
| A patient comes to the radiology department for a lumbar spine study following spinal fusion surgery. Her surgeon wants a study to excess mobility of the spine at the fusion site. Which positioning provides this information | Hyperflexion and hyper extension lateral's |
| A patient comes to the radiology department for a lumbar spine series. She has a clinical history of severe kyphosis. How should the lumbar spine series be modified for this patient | Erect lumbar routine |
| Where is the cr centered for an oblique projection of the SI joints | 1 inch medial from asis |
| What type of CR angle is recommended for the AP axial projection of the S I joint on a female patient | 35 cephalad |
| How much rotation of the body is required for an oblique position of the S I joint's | 25 to 30 |
| Which S I joint is visualized with the RPO position | Left |
| In addition to good collimation what should be done to minimize overall fogging on a lateral lumbar spine or lateral sacrum and coccyx radiograph | Use of a lead blocker |
| When should patient be asked to empty urinary bladder before performing a projection of the vertebral column | AP sacrum and coccyx |
| Where is the central ray centered for an AP projection of the coccyx | To inches superior to the symphysis pubis |
| If a patient cannot lay on his back for an AP sacrum because it is too painful what alternate projection can be taken to achieve a similar view of the sacrum | PA with 15° caudad |
| How much central ray angulation it's required for an AP projection of the sacrum for a typical male patient | 15 cephalad |
| Which projection should be taking her to evaluate flexibility following spinal fusion surgery | Hyper extension and hyperflexion |
| During the AP and PA right and left bending projections of the lumbar spine the ---must remain stationary during positioning | Pelvis |
| Which side of the spine should be elevated for the second exposure for the AP/PA projection or Ferguson method scoliosis series (by having the patient stand on a block with 1 foot) | Convex side of spine |
| How much rotation is required to properly visualize The zygapophyseal joint at the L5 to S1 level | 30 degrees |
| Which specific set of zygapophyseal joint is demonstrated with an L a O position | Right(upside) |
| Which positioning error has been committed if the pedicles are projected to for posterior with a 45° obl position of the lumbar spine | Excessive rotation |
| How should the spine of a patient with scoliosis be position for a lateral position of the lumbar spine | With SAG or convexility of spine closest to the IR |
| What amount in direction of the central right angulation is required for an AP axial L5 to S1 projection on a male patient | 30 cephalad |
| Osteoporosis | Bone densitometry |
| Soft tissues of the lumbar spine | Mri |
| Structures within subarachnoid space | Mri |
| Inflammatory conditions such as pagets disease | Nuc med |
| Compression fractures of the lumbar spine | Ct |
| Lateral curvature of the vertebral column | Scoliosis |
| Fracture of the vertebral body caused by hyperflexion force | Chance fracture |
| Congenital defect in which to posterior elements of the vertebrae fail to unite | Spins bifida |
| Most common at the L4 to L5 level and may result in sciatica | HNP |
| Forward displacement of one vertebrae onto another vertebrae | Spondylolisthesis |
| Inflammatory condition that is most common in males in their 30s | Ankylosing spondylitis |
| Dissolution and separation of the pars interarticularis | Spondylolysis |
| A type of fracture that really causes neurological defects | Compression fracture |
| What two structures can be evaluated to determine where the rotation is present on an AP projection of the lumbar spine | SI joints and spinous process |
| LPO | L zyga |
| Rpo | R zyga |
| Rao | L zyga |
| Lao | R zyga |
| ___to ____ coccygeal segments have fused in the adult to form the single coccyx. | three to five (average of 4) |
| Zyga joints are classified as____ with a mobility type of___ and movement type of___. | synovial, diarthrodial, plane |
| Intervertebral joints are classified as____ with a mobility type of___ and movement type of___. | cartilaginous, amphiarthrodial, n/a |
| The intervertebral foramina for the lumbar spine are visualized on a __ position. | true lateral |
| Which condition makes the neck of the scottie dog appear broken | spondylolysis |
Created by:
kyliescooper