Help
Options
Question
Name the scapular borders
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
Name the scapular angles
Remaining cards (114)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Shoulder Girdle
Shoulder Girdle/Clavicle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the scapular borders | Superior Border, Medial/Verterbral Border, Lateral/Axillary Border |
| Name the scapular angles | Lateral Angle, Superior Angle, Inferior Angle |
| What are the shoulder articulations and what type of joints are they? | A. Acromioclavicular Joint-Synovial Gliding B. Sternoclavicular Joint-Synovial Double Gliding C. Scapulohumeral Joint-Synovial Ball and Socket |
| How should the epicondyles be positioned for the AP projection external rotation? | Parallel to the IR |
| How are the epicondyles positioned for the AP projection of the shoulder in Internal Rotation? | Perpendicular to the IR |
| How is the arm positioned for the AP projection in neutral position? | Have patient rest palm against thigh, epicondyles are at 45 degrees |
| Which position demonstrates the greatest amount of overlapping of the humeral head and the glenoid cavity in the AP projection? | Internal Rotation |
| If the patient is unable to move the arm for internal and external rotation of the shoulder, what view will demonstrate the proximal humerus in a lateral position? | Transthoracic Projection Lawrence Method |
| If the patient is unable to abduct the unaffected arm of the head for the lawrence transthoracic, what can be done to separate the shoulders? | Angle the CR 10-15 degrees cephalic |
| What is centered to the IR for the Lawrence transthoracic lateral of the proximal humerus? | The surgical neck |
| How is the arm positioned for the inferiorsuperior projection Lawrence method of the shoulder? | Arm is abducted as close to 90 degrees from the body as possible with the arm in external rotation |
| What modification can be made to the inferior superior (Lawrence Method) Projection of the shoulder to demonstrate a possible Hill-Sachs deffect | Rafert Modification: Same except arm is in extreme or exaggerated external rotation. (Thumb pointing downward and hand at a 45 degree oblique) |
| What is the CR angle and location for the West Point Method? | 25 degrees anteriorly (down) from horizontal and 25 degrees medially entering at 5 in. inferior and 1.5 in. medial to the acromial edge and exits the glenoid cavity. |
| The West Point Method is useful in demonstrating what? | Hill-Sachs defect and Bankart lesions associated with anterior dislocations of the shoulder |
| What is the Hill-sachs defect? | Compression fracture of the articular surface of the humeral head often associated with an anterior dislocation of the humeral head. 97% of dislocations are anterior. |
| How is the arm positioned for the superoinferior projection of the shoulder joint? | Arm is over cassette on the table at right angles with the anterior surface of the forearm on the table surface and the hand pronated. |
| What is the CR location and angle for the superiorinferior projection of the shoulder joint? | CR:Angled 5-15 degrees through the shoulder joint |
| The PA oblique projection; scapular Y is used to demonstrate what? | Anterior/Posterior Dislocations of the shoulder |
| What position is the patient in for the scapular Y? | The patient is in a 45-60 degree oblique. Can be done in the RPO or LAO and the LPO or RAO. (RPO and LPO the affected side is farthest from the IR) (RAO and LAO the affected side is closest to the IR) |
| What is the CR location and angle for the PA oblique projection: scapular Y? | Perpendicular to the scapulohumeral joint? |
| How is the arm positioned for the PA oblique projection scapular Y? | Arm location is not important because the location of the humeral head in relation to the joint will remain the same so the arm can hang by the side |
| For the AP oblique projection (Grashey Method) how much and which way is the patient obliqued? | 35-45 degrees toward the affected side: If patient is supine it may need more |
| What is the CR angle and location for the AP oblique projection (Grashey Method)? | CR: Perpendicular to the Glenoid Cavity at a point 2" medial and 2" inferior to the superolateral border of the shoulder |
| What is demonstrated in the AP oblique projection (Grashey Method) of the shoulder joint? | The scapulohumeral joint space with the glenoid cavity in profile? |
| The tangential projection (Fisk Method) is done to demonstrate what? | Intertubercular groove |
| When the Fisk method is utilized how much is the patient leaned forward? | So the humerus makes a 10-15 degree angle from the vertical |
| What is the CR angle for the Tangential projection for the intertubercular groove? | 10-15 degrees down from the horizontal (posterior) |
| The acromial extremity of the clavicle articulates with the: | acromion process of the scapula |
| The large rounded elevated process prominently located on the lateral surface of the proximal humerus is the: | Greater tubercle |
| The small synovial fluid-filled sacs, which relieve pressure and reduce friction in joint tissues are called: | bursae |
| The articulation between the glenoid cavity and the head of the humerus is called the: | scapulohumeral joint |
| The scapulohumeral articulation is classified as a: | Synovial joint, ball and socket type |
| In order to demonstrate the greater tubercle of the humerus on an AP projection of the shoulder, the epicondyles must be: | parallel with the plane of the IR |
| The respiration phase for an AP projection of the shoulder should be: | Suspended |
| For an AP projection of the shoulder, the CR should enter: | 1" inferior to the coracoid process |
| What structure is prominently shown "in profile" on an AP projection of the shoulder with the humerus in external rotation? | Greater tubercle |
| For an AP projection of the shoulder with the arm in a neutral position, the epicondyles of the humerus should be: | 45 degrees with the plane of the IR |
| If the patient places the palm of the hand against the thigh, the humerus will be in: | neutral position |
| For an AP projection of the shoulder with the humerus in internal rotation, the epicondyles of the humerus should be: | perpendicular to the plane of the IR |
| If the patient places the back of the hand against the hip, the humerus will be in: | internal rotation |
| When the arm cannot be rotated or abducted due to imjury, what method can be used to perform a lateral projection of the shoulder? | Lawrence (Transthoracic) |
| Where should the center of the IR be positioned for a transthoracic laterl projection of the shoulder? | Surgical neck |
| For a transthoracic lateral projection of the shoulder, ling detail may be blurred to better visualize the shoulder area. According to your text, what exposure time is recommended to blur the lung structures? | Minimum of 3 seconds |
| If a breathing technique cannot be used for the transthoracic lateral projection of the shoulder, the exposure should be made using: | Suspended full inspiration |
| If the patient cannot elevate the unaffected shoulder for a transthoracic lateral projection of the shoulder, the CR should be angled: | 10-15 degrees cephalic |
| How far should the head, shoulders, and elbow be elevated for the inferosuperior axial projection (Lawrence Method) of the shoulder? | 3-4 in. |
| How far should the arm be abducted for an inferiorsuperior projection (Lawrence Method) of the shoulder joint? | 90 degrees. |
| How should the humerus be positioned for an inferiorsuperior axial projection of the shoulder joint (Lawrence Method)? | External rotation |
| How is the CR directed for an inferiorsuperior axial projection (Lawrence Method) of the shoulder joint? | Horizontally with a 15-30 degree angle medially |
| The PA oblique projection of the shoulder joint (scapular Y) is performed in what body position? | RAO or LAO (preferred) Can do LPO or RPO for trauma recumbent |
| PA oblique projection of the shoulder (scapular Y) is performed to evaluate: | Dislocations-to determine if anterior or posteriorly dislocated |
| For the PA oblique projection (scapular Y) of the shoulder, the body is rotated so the midcoronal plane (MCP) is how many degrees from the IR? | 45-60 degrees |
| What is the CR angle for the PA oblique projection (scapular Y) of the shoulder joint? | 0 degrees |
| What structure of the humerus will be directly superimposed over the junction of the "Y" on the PA oblique (scapular Y) projection? | Humeral head |
| What structure is demonstrated in "lateral profile" on a PA oblique (scapular Y) projection? | Scapula |
| Which shoulder projection clearly demonstrates the glenoid cavity? | AP oblique projection (Grashey Method) |
| How many degrees is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection (Grashey method) of the shoulder joint? | 35-45 degrees toward the affected side |
| The Pearson method is an AP projection of the : | acromioclavicular articulation (AP bilateral w/ weights) (AP bilateral w/o weights) |
| How many pounds of weight should be affixed to each wrist for the AP projection for the A-C joint? | 5-8 lbs |
| Two exposure are commonly made of the A-C joints---one without weight and one with weights. How are the weights applied. | Affixed to the wrists |
| How should the CR be angled for the AP projection (Pearson method) of the A-C joints? | 0 degrees (no angle) |
| The AP projection of the acromioclavicular joints places the joints at an increased OID. What is the recommended SID to compensate for this distance? | 72" SID |
| To obtain a more uniform IR density, the respiration phase for the AP projection of the clavicle should be: | Suspended on expiration |
| Which of the following projections can be used to demonstrate the clavicle? | AP or PA and AP axial or PA axial |
| The CR angle for an AP axial projection of the clavicle when performed on a patient in the supine position is: | 15-30 degrees cephalic |
| In order to elevate the clavicle above the ribs and scapula for the AP axial projection, the phase of respiration should be: | Suspended on full respiration |
| The respiration phase for an AP projection of the scapula is: | shallow breathing if patient is able to |
| How is the arm positioned for an AP scapula? | abducted 90 degrees, forearm flexed |
| For lateral projection of the scapula, the body is placed in which position? | RAO or LAO preferred (can do RPO or LPO for trauma recumbent) |
| For delineation of the acromion and coracoid processes of the scapula in the lateral projection, the ar, is positioned | Flex the elbow and place the hand on the posterior thorax |
| When the patient is positioned properly for a lateral projection of the scapula, the body of the scapula will be: | Perpendicular to the plane of the IR |
| The clavicle is classified as a: | long bone |
| The scapula is classified as a: | flat bone |
| The lesser tubercle is situated on which surface of the humerus? | anterior |
| The sternoclavicular articulation is formed by the sternal extremity of the clavicle and the | Manubrium and 1st rib cartilage |
| All of the joints of the shoulder girdle are: | Synovial: freely movable |
| Which position of the hand will place the humerus in external rotation? | Supinated |
| For delineation of the body of the scapula for the lateral projection, the arm is positioned: | extend the arm upward and rest the forearm on the head |
| When the tangential projection of the intertubercular groove is performed with the patient supine, the position of the hand is: | supinated |
| When the Fisk Modification is used for the tangential projection of the intertubercular groove, the patient is: | Standing |
| When the Fisk Modification is used for the tangential projection of the intertubercular groove, the vertical humerus is placed at an angle of : | 10-15 degrees |
| If the patient cannot elevate the unaffected shoulder for a transthoracic lateral projection of the proximal humerus, the CR should be angled: | 10-15 degrees |
| For a transthoracic lateral projection, the proximal humerus should be projected: | between the vertebral column and sternum |
| Where should the center of the IR be postioned for a transthoracic lateral projection of the proximal humerus? | The surgical neck |
| The lesser tubercle is on which surface of the humerus? | Anterior surface Just below the anatomical neck |
| Which tendon inserts at the lesser tubercle? | The tendon of the subscapularis muscle |
| Which AP Projection of the shoulder demonstrates the site of insertion of the subscapularis tendon? | Internal rotation: because it places the lesser tubercle in profile |
| What surface of the humerus is the greater tubercle located? | Lateral surface |
| The superior surface of the greater tubercle slopes posteriorly 25 degrees and has how many flattened impressions for muscle (tendon) insertion? | 3 Anterior, middle, posterior |
| Muscles are attached to bone via" | tendons |
| The anterior impression of the greater tubercle provides the insertion site for what tendon? | The tendon of the supraspinatous muscle |
| The middle impression of the greater tubercle is the site for insertion for which tendon? | the tendon of the infraspinatous muscle |
| The posterior impression of the greater tubercle is the insertion for which tendon? | The upper fibers of the teres minor (the lower fibers attach to the body just below this site) |
| Which AP projection demonstrates the site of insertion of the supraspinatous tendon? | External rotation (neutral demonstrates the posterior part of the insertion |
| Which AP projection will sometimes demonstrate calcific deposits in the joint that can be indicative of bursitis | neutral roation |
| What are the small synovial fluid-filled sacs that relieve pressure and reduce friction in tissue? | Bursae |
| What projections will demonstrate the humerus in a laterl projection? | AP internal rotation Transthoracic lateral |
| An impacted fracture of the posterolateral aspect of the humeral head with dislocation is termed: | Hill Sachs defect |
| The superiorinferior and inferiorsuperior axillary projections demonstrates which tendon insertion sites? | Subscapularis of lesser tubercle Teres minor of greater tubercle |
| AP Oblique Grashey Method | Glenoid Cavity in Profile |
| Lawrence Method | trauma lateral of the humerus |
| Suprpapinatus “Outlet” Neer Method | shoulder impingement |
| Lateral Scapula with arm overhead or across the chest | body of the scapula |
| AP Internal Rotation | Lesser tubercle in profile medially |
| Inferosuperior Axillary with Rafert Modification | HIll-Sachs deffect |
| Scapular Y view | anterior or posterior dislocation |
| Pearson Method | Acromioclavicular separation |
| Lateral with arm on posterior thorax | acromion and coracoid process |
| AP external rotation | Greater tubercle in profile laterally |
| Which of the following make up the shoulder girdle proper | Scapula and Clavicle |
| Which of the following make up the shoulder joint? | Scapula and humerus |
| What is the ONLY bony attachment of the upper limb to the trumk? (completes the shoulder girdle anteriorly) | Clavicle and sternum |
| What are classified as long bones? | Clavicle and humerus |
| What is classified as flat bones? | Scapula |
| Which of the following structures are located on the medial end of the clavicle? | Sternal extremity and sternoclavicular joint |
Created by:
rcervantes3