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Phlebotomy Notes
Flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The formed elements make up about ___percent of the whole blood volume | 45 |
| The two components of blood found in a tube of blood drawn without anti coagulant are | serum and clot |
| The difference between plasma and serum is | plasma contains fibrinogen, and serum does not |
| The fluid portion of the whole blood that contains fibrinogen is called | plasma |
| The main function of the circulatory system is to provide | transportation |
| The single most important way to prevent the spread of infection in a hospital or other facility is | hand washing |
| All of the following are components in the chain of infection except | proper isolation technique |
| When a patient develops an infection during hospitalization that was not present upon admission, the infection is called | nosocomial |
| The primary purpose of infection control is to | prevent the spread of infection within hospitals and other health care facilities |
| Universal precautions policy states that if there is a possibility of coming into contact with a patient's blood or other body fluid you must wear | gloves |
| Under Universal Precautions, all used needles are to be disposed of in the following manner | discarded intact |
| What does OSHA do for you? a) requires employers to establish engineering controls( sharps containers, safety devices) b) requires employers to inform employees of safety standards c) fines institutions which are non compliant d) all of the above | all of the above |
| Exposure to light could alter the results for | Bilirubin, beta carotene, vitamins A and B6, porphyrins |
| What test has a higher value for finger sticks? | glucose and Potassium |
| Microcollection tubes and order of draw | Lavender, anti coagulants, coagulants (good rule of thumb is to think of order of draw backwards) |
| QA and QC difference | Quality Assurance Quality Control |
| What do you call a pregnancy test? | HCG (pearl top) |
| All types of consent | conditioned, implied, explicit, informed |
| types of Hepatitis. Which is the most common? | Hep A is most common one to get but easily fixed. Hep B transmitted by blood Hep C transmitted by sex Hep B most common among healthcare workers through blood contact |
| What to do when patient refuses venipuncture | 1) try to convince them 2) call the doctor 3) cancel the test |
| What is the most common nosocomial infection | UTI |
| Edema, hematoma, hemoconcentration, hemolysis | tissue swelling, bruising, collection of RBC's in one area, breakdown of RBC's |
| normal life span of an RBC | 120 days |
| normal life span of platelets | 10 days |
| what makes up the formed elements? | erythrocytes (WBC), leukocytes (RBC), thrombocytes (platelets) |
| 5 types of WBC in the blood: | 1) neutrophils 2) Lymphocytes 3) basophils 4) Monocytes 5)Eosinophils |
| A hematoma can be prevented if | pressure is placed on the venipuncture site until the bleeding stops |
| Which tube would be used for Fasting Blood Sugar or Glucose Tolerance Test? | Grey |
| What causes a rise in potassium? | hemolysis |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| petechiae | capillary rupture due to pressure from the tourniquet |
| What levels increase or decrease when children cry? | WBC count is elevated. Let baby rest for 45 mins |
| PKU test on babies is for | to test for possible mental retardation |
| All types of antiseptics, which are used for blood culture, alcohol tests | blood culture--70% isopropyl alcohol with povidone idodine alcohol tests--iodine other antiseptic is chloraxidene |
| How long does it take a red top to clot? | 30 -60 minutes |
| O and P tests | Ova and Parasites |
| Common test for hematology, coagulation, chemistry, serology/immunology, blood bank | cbc, pt, ptt, b12, cmp (comprehensive metabolic panel), pink top tube for blood bank draws |
| Urinalysis test is sent where? | microbiology |
| where do you draw if someone has a fistula or IV | below the site |
| which tests need to be chilled? | ABG, ammonia |
| which test needs to be kept from light? | bilirubin |
| what to do after the phlebotomist gets a finger stick? | 1)wash and disinfect for 5 minutes 2) tell supervisor 3) go to er |
| what is on the MSDS | Material Safety Data Sheet--tells all the precautions |
| What is the pearl top tube used for? | HCG, pregnancy test, DNA testing. contains EDTA |
| what is the tan top used for ? | lead ( contains EDTA) |
| What is Royal Blue top used for and what is the additive? | EDTA. Used for trace elements |
| What size needle should be used on children | 22 gauge for children, 23 gauge for infants( butterfly) |
| When is the hypodermic / syringe system used? | fragile veins that collapse |
| how do anticoagulant tubes work? | by binding the calcium in the coagulation process |
| what needle gauge is biggest next to a 21 size? | 20 gauge |
| how do green top tubes containing heparin work? | stop the coagulation by inhibiting the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin |
| GTT's and TDMs have what in common? | timed specimens |
| When anti coagulated blood is centrifuged the liquid portion above the cells is called | plasma |
| the liquid layer in a red stopper is called | plasma |
| In performing an arterial puncture the artery should be punctured using an angle of | 45 to 90 |
| the maximum amount of time from collection to separation of serum from the cells in clot tubes for routine specimens is | 120 mins |
| The anticoagulant that keeps fibrinogen from converting to fibrin by inhibiting prothrombin is | heparin |
| Gtts and TDMs have the following in common | timed specimens |
| Which of the following does not require a green top tube? alcohol lead ammonia CBC | CBC |
| When clots form in the lavender top tube the most likely cause is | improper mixing |
| A false positive blood culture is most often the result of | improper skin prep |
| What is the first course of action to follow if a patient begins to have a seizure? | remove the tourniquet and the needle |
| In performing an arterial puncture, the artery should be punctured using an angle of | 45 to 90 degree, bevel up |
| The maximum amount of time from collection to separation of serum from the cells in clot tubes for routine specimens is | 120 mins as recommended by NCCLS |
| Which of the following diseases require the phlebotomist to use a HEPA respirator or N95 mask? tb AIDS HBV Encephalitis | TB |
| What is the difference between serum and plasma | plasma contains fibrinogen, serum does not. |
| The anticoagulant that keeps fibrinogen from converting to fibrin by inhibiting prothrombin is | heparin |
| A phlebotomist is requested to draw an unconscious patient. The name on the request from agrees with the patient's armband. What else should be done to ensure patient identification? | Nothing else is necessary. |
| Which of the following is not a pre analytical variable of specimen collection? patient identification specimen transport skin preparation specimen testing | specimen testing |
| warming the skin puncture site | increases blood flow 7 times |
| NCCLS recommends that the maximum blade depth of skin puncture devices used in infants and newborns be | 2.0 mm |
| If a patient donates his own unit of blood to be used in his transfusion this unit is known as | Autologous |
| To prevent glycolysis legal blood alcohols should be collected in what color tube? | Gray |
| To fill an evacuated tube with blood from a syringe the phlebotomist should | Use a transfer device |
| Specimens for glucose analysis not collected in a gray tube should be processed within __ minutes | 30 |
| Fibrinogen is found in | Plasma |
| When serum is needed for testing which color stopper tube is required? | Red |
| The advantage of using a 1 inch needle over a 1.5 inch needle in performing venipuncture is | Better control |
| The puncture for a bleeding time test should be performed on the | Forearm |
| A patient has an IV in one arm and a fistula in the other arm. The sample should be drawn from | Hand vein below the IV |
| A test for platelet plug formation is a | Bleeding time |
| Sodium citrate, potassium oxalate and EDTA prevent blood from clotting by binding with | Calcium |
| Ammonia levels should be transported to the lab in an ice solution to slow | The metabolic process |
| What test should be protected from light prior to testing | Bilirubin |
| Which coagulation test evaluates the extrinsic pathway to clotting | Prothrombin time. Pt |
| A green stopper evacuated tube contains what kind of anticoagulant | Lithium or sodium heparin |
| What tubes are required for blood culture specimen | Anaerobic and aerobic bottles |
| To prevent re absorption of anti bodies specimen to be tested for cold agglutinins must be | Kept warm |
| Tube for cbc | L lav |
| Cbc w dif | L lav |
| D Dimer | L Blue |
| H and H | L lav |
| Tube for pt | L blue |
| Ptt | L blue |
| Retic count | L lav |
| Sedimentation rate | L Lav |
| Sickle cell prep | L lav |
| Smear review | L lavender |
| T cell | L lavender |
| Phenobarb | Red top |
| Tegretol | Red top |
| Theophylline | Red top |
| Valporic Acid | Red top |
| H A1C | Dark lavender |
| Ceruloplasmin | Dark lavender |
| The state of being free of pathogenic microorganisms is known as: | Medical Asepsis |
| Platelets are defined as | Cells that circulate in blood and clot to keep us from bleeding |
| What does CK stand for? | Creatine Kinase |
| What does TSH stand for? | Thyroid Stimulating Hormone |
| What tubes contain no additives? Red (plastic) Red (glass) Pink Black | Red (glass) |
| toxic chemical that affects the body by being absorbed into the blood is: | Blood agent |
| An eosinophil count is a blood test that measures the number of: | White blood cells |
| How long does it take for the body to replace 500ml of blood? | 6-8 weeks |
| XDP stands for: | Serum crosslinked fibrin |
| Blood accounts for how much of your total body weight? | 7-8% |
| Hct stands for: | Hematocrit |
| test in which the number, type, and characteristics of blood cells are determined by examining a stained blood smear under a microscope. | diff |
| sodium flouride keeps ____molecules intact for 3 days | glucose |
| what color tube is a reticulocyte test done? | lavender |
| An average adult weighing between 150 to 160 pounds has how much blood in their body? | 4-6 |
| what is the correct order of removal of PPE? | gloves, gown, mask |
| A hematocrit is: | the percentage by volume of packed red blood cells in a given sample |
| A fistula is: | an artificial permanent surgical connection between an artery and vein |
| What color tube does an electrolyte panel go in? | green |
| What color tube does one use when drawing for a reticulocyte count? | lavender |
| A hematocrit is: | the percentage by volume of packed red blood cells in a given sample |
| 1. The forearm vein most commonly used for venipuncture is the __________. a. median cubital b. basilic c. cephalic d. radial | median cubital |
| 2. The smallest veins in the human body are known as ___________. a. villi b. bronchioles c. venules d. lymph glands | venules |
| 3. The aorta branches into smaller divisions called arteries, which in turn branch into even smaller divisions called __________. a. capillaries b. arterioles c. venules d. lymph glands | Arterioles |
| 4. Characteristics of capillaries include __________. a. having thin-walls b. forming microscopic pathways c. connecting arterioles with venules d. all of the above | all of the above |
| 5. Within the capillaries, blood cell functions include __________. a. releasing oxygen b. binding carbon dioxide c. eliminating waste d. all of the above | all of the above |
| 6. The heart, lymphatic organs, and blood vessels are in the __________ system. a. respiratory b. cardiovascular c. digestive d. urinary | cardiovascular |
| 7. The suffix –URIA at the end of a medical term refers what body fluid? a. blood b. urine c. CSF d. synovial fluid | urine |
| 8. The study of blood is known as __________. a. hematology b. hematoxylin c. hemoglobin d. hemolysis | hematology |
| 9. The liver, stomach, mouth and pancreas are in the __________ system. a. reproductive b. sensory c. digestive d. muscular | digestive |
| 10. The most important step to ensure accuracy in sample collection is __________. a. recording the time accurately b. by always wearing gloves c. keeping the patient supine d. identifying the patient properly | identifying the patient properly |
| 11. The bladder, urethra, kidneys, and ureters are in the __________ system. a. urinary b. reproductive c. respiratory d. muscular | urinary system |
| 12. The trachea, nose, lungs and pharynx are in the __________ system. a. skeletal b. respiratory c. nervous d. sensory | respiratory |
| 13. The sebaceous glands, skin hair and nails are in the __________ system. a. nervous b. cardiovascular c. sensory d. integumentary | integumentary |
| 14. The body system that is a primary regulator of hormones is the __________ system. a. reproductive b. endocrine c. integumentary d. cardiovascular | endocrine |
| 15. Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes are types of __________. a. red blood cells b. coagulation factors c. anticoagulants d. white blood cells | white blood cells |
| 16. The common name for the thrombocyte is the __________. a. red blood cell b. white blood cell c. bone marrow d. platelet | platelet |
| 17. The liquid portion of an anticoagulated blood sample is known as __________. a. serum b. clot c. plasma d. hematocrit | c. plasma |
| 18. The instrument that measures blood pressure is called a __________. a. sphygmomanometer b. hydration barometer c. temperature probe d. co-oximeter | a. sphygmomanometer |
| 19. An artery can be distinguished from a vein because an artery will be __________. a. harder b. pulsating c. a different color d. softer | b. pulsating |
| 20. Lancets are used to collect blood samples by __________. a. venipuncture b. arterial puncture c. venous accession devices d. capillary or skin puncture | d. capillary or skin puncture |
| 21. The abbreviation VAD is commonly used in hospitals to refer to _________. a. venous anesthetic devices b. venous access devices c. various anesthetic devices d. variable antiseptic dilutions | b. venous access devices |
| 22. To determine the size of the needle, remember that the higher the gauge, the __________. a. longer the needle length b. smaller the needle bore c. shorter the needle length d. larger the needle bore | b. smaller the needle bore |
| 23. Adult capillary punctures most often involve use of the __________ finger(s). a. second (index) b. little (fifth) c. third and fourth (middle and ring) d. second and third (index and middle) | c. third and fourth (middle and ring) |
| 24. A centrifuge is used in a clinical laboratory setting to __________. a. sort tubes of different colors b. store tubes at correct temperatures c. measure blood oxygen levels d. separate liquid from cells in blood | d. separate liquid from cells in blood |
| 25. The oral glucose tolerance test is used for detection of __________. a. hepatitis b. diabetes c. mononucleosis d. AIDS | b. diabetes |
| 26. Use a __________-topped evacuated tube for collection of blood for a CBC test. a. black b. lavender c. red d. blue | b. lavender |
| 27. Use a __________-topped evacuated tube for collection of blood for electrolyte testing. a. yellow b. red c. blue d. lavender | red |
| 28. Use a __________-topped evacuated tube for collection of blood for cholesterol testing. a. red b. yellow c. blue d. lavender | a. red |
| 29. Sodium citrate is an anticoagulant of choice for coagulation studies because it protects __________. a. clotting factors b. red blood cells c. white blood cells d. enzyme inhibitors | clotting factors |
| 30. When preparing a blood smear directly from a skin puncture, it is best to __________. a. use plastic slides instead of glass b. make it as thick as possible c. wipe away the first drop of blood d. add sodium citrate to the blood | c. wipe away the first drop of blood |
Created by:
kesneller