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Chapter 8
Cervical and thoracic spine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many bones are found in the adult cervical vertebral column? | 7 |
| How many bones are found in the adult thoracic vertebral column ? | 12 |
| How many bones are found in the adult lumbar vertebral column? | 5 |
| How many bones are found in the adult sacrum vertebral column ? | 1 |
| List the two primary or posterior convex curves seen in the vertebral column? | Thoracic and sacral |
| Indicate which two portions of the vertebral column are classified as secondary or Compensatory curves? | Cervical and lumbar |
| Convex curve ( with respect to posterior ) has what characteristics | Thoracic spine and sacrum |
| Concave curve ( with respect to posterior ) has what characteristics | Cervical spine and lumbar spine |
| Secondary curve has what characteristics | Cervical spine and lumbar spine |
| Primary curve has what characteristics | Thoracic spine and sacrum |
| Develops as child learns to hold head erect has which characteristics of the vertebral column? | Sacrum |
| An abnormal, or exaggerated " sway back" lumbar curvature is called | LORDOSIS |
| How many bones are found in the adult coccyx | 1 |
| How many total bones are found in the adult vertebral column? | 1 |
| An abnormal lateral curvature seen in the thoracolumbar spine is called | Scoliosis |
| The two main parts of A typical vertebra are the ______ and the____ | Body and vertebral arch |
| The____are too bony aspects of the vertebral arch that extends posteriorly from each pedicle to join at the mid line | Lamina |
| The____foramina are created by two small notches on the superior and inferior aspect of the Pedicles | Intervertebral |
| The opening, or passageway, for the spinal cord is the ____ | Vertebral (spinal ) canal |
| The spinal cord begins with the____of the brain and extends down to the____vertebra, where it tapers and ends. This tapered ending is called the____. | Medulla oblongata, lower border of L1, conus medullaris. |
| Which structures pass through the intervertebral foramina? | Spinal nerves and blood vessels. |
| Which structure is found between the superior and inferior articular processes? | Zygapophyseal joints |
| True or false. Only T1, and T2 have full facets for articulation with ribs. | True |
| True or false. The zygapophyseal joints of all cervical vertebrae are visible only in a true lateral position. | False, between C1 and C2 visualized on a frontal or AP projection. |
| The outer aspect of the Intervertebral disc is called the____ | Annulus Fibrosus |
| The inner aspect of the intervertebral disc is called the____ | Nucleus pulposus. |
| This condition involving a "slipped disk" is correctly referred to as____ | Herniated Nucleus Pulposus. (HNP) |
| List the alternative name for C1 | Atlas |
| List The alternative name for C2 | Axis |
| List the alternative name for C7 | Vertebra prominens |
| List three features that make the cervical vertebrae unique | Transverse foramina, Bifid spinous process, overlapping vertebral bodies. |
| A short column of bone found between the superior and articular processes in a typical cervical vertebra is called____ | Articular pillar |
| What is the term for the same structure, identified in the previous question, for the C1 vertebra? | Lateral mass |
| The zygapophyseal joint for the second through seventh cervical vertebrae are at a _____ angle to the mid sagittal plane, the thoracis vertebrae are at a____angle to the mid sagittal plane. | 90, 70 to 75. |
| What is the name of the joint found between the superior articular processes of C1 and the occipital condyles of the skull? | Occipitoatlantal Articulation |
| The modified body of the C2 is called the ____ or ____ | Dens, Odontoid process |
| A lack of symmetry of the Zygapophyseal joints between C1 and C2 may be caused by injury or May be associated with____ | Rotation of the skull |
| What is the unique feature of all thoracic vertebrae that distinguishes them from other vertebrae? | Presence of facets for articulation with ribs |
| Which specific thoracic vertebrae is classified as typical thoracic vertebrae (I.e. They least resemble cervical or lumbar vertebrae)? | T5 to T8 |
| For the central ray to pass-through and open the intervertebral space on a 45° posterior oblique projection of The cervical vertebrae, what central ray right angle (if any) is required? | 15° cephalad |
| The upper portion of sternum is associated with Which topographic landmark? | Manubrium |
| Superior margin of this upper section (Landmark) | Jugular notch |
| Center portion of sternum | Sternal angle |
| Most inferior aspect of sternum | Xiphoid process |
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