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SCHS Chapter 4
Glencoe Chemistry Chp 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| alpha particle | radiation contains two protons and two neutrons |
| alpha radiation | radiation that was deflected toward the negatively charged plate. + charge |
| atom | The smaller particle of an element that retains the properties of the element |
| atomic mass | is the weighted AVERAGE mass of the isotopes of that element |
| atomic mass unit | AMU AS 1/12 the mass of Carbon =~1 nearly.... 1 amu~ equal to mass of 1 proton or neutron |
| atomic number | the number of protons in an atom atomic number=number of protons=number of electrons |
| beta particle | radiation consist of fast moving electrons |
| beta radiation | radiation that was deflected toward the positively changed plate. - charge |
| cathode ray | rays (radiation) coming from the cathode end of the tube. |
| Dalton's atomic theory | developer of modern atomic theory (revived/revised Democritus ideas) Pg. 89 |
| electron | negatively charges particles that are part of all forms of matter |
| gamma ray | are high-energy radiation that possess no mass, no electrical charge, are not deflected by electric or magnetic fields. Usually accompany alpha and beta radiation and account for most of the energy lost during radioactive decay process. |
| isotope | atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
| mass number | to identify the various isotopes of an element chemists add a number after the elements name. It represents the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. |
| neutron | has a mass nearly equal to that of a proton, but carries no electrical charge |
| nuclear equation | it shows the atomic number and mass number of the particles involved. both are conserved in nuclear equation |
| nuclear reaction | when atom of element changing into an atom of another element involving change in the nucleus. |
| nucleus | Tiny dense region centrally located with the atom that contained all of atom's positive charge (protons)particles and virtually all of its mass |
| proton | a subatomic particle carrying a positive charge equal to but opposite of an electron's negative charge |
| radiation | rays and particles edited by radioactive material |
| radioactive decay | unstable nuclei lose energy emitting radiation in a spontaneous process (requiring no energy) |
| radioactivity | substances emit radiation |
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