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SCHS Chapter 3
Glencoe Chemistry Chp 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| CHEMICAL CHANGE | involves one or more substances changing into new substances...log burns to ash and cannot be made back into a log |
| CHEMICAL PROPERTY | the ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances |
| CHROMATOGRAPHY | is a technique that separates the components of a mixture on the basis of the tendency to each to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material. |
| COMPOUND | is a combination of two or more different elements that are combined chemically. (make cake) |
| CRYSTALLIZATION | is a separation technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of substance from a solution contains the dissolved substances (making rock candy) |
| DISTILLATION | is a separation technique that is based indifference's in the boiling points of the substances involved. |
| ELEMENT | is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means. (91 occurs naturally)other made by scientists. |
| EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES | are dependent upon the amount of substance present (mass) |
| FILTRATION | is a technique that uses a a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid....like coffee grounds + water + a filter= coffee |
| GAS | is a form of matter that flows to conform to the shape of its container and fills the entire volume of its container |
| HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE | is one that does not blend smoothly throughout and in which individual substances remain distinct. Sand + water |
| HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE | has a constant composition throughout ...it has a sing phase...Salt water,lemonade.... |
| INTENSIVE PROPERTIES | are independent of amount of substance present (density at a constant temperature or pressure) |
| LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS | states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction (change) it is conserved... Mass of reactants = Mass of products |
| LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS | regardless of the amount a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass. |
| LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS | states that when different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of the element in a ration of small whole numbers |
| LIQUID | is a forma of matter that flows has a constant volume and takes the shape of its container |
| MIXTURE | is a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains it individual chemical properties...Mixture of salt+iron+sand can be separated to salt, iron, sand |
| PERCENT BY MASS | The mass of the compound is = to the sum of the masses of elements that up the compound. % by mass=mass of element/mass of compound all times 100 |
| PERIODIC TABLE | Mendeleev organization table the first version of organizing the elements groups/families and rows/ periods. |
| PHYSICAL CHANGES | alter a substances without changing its composition...example paper is paper cut or not cut |
| PHYSICAL PROPERTY | is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the composition |
| SOLID | is a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume |
| SOLUTION | homogeneous mixtures lemonade, cough medicine many contain solid, liquid,or gases |
| STATES OF MATTER | matters physical form...solid, liquid, gas, or plasma |
| SUBSTANCE | matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition (pure substance) |
| VAPOR | the gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or a liquid at room temperature. |
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gayledains
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