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PT Properties
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Periodic Table | * Arranges all of the known elements in order of increasing atomic number (# of protons) * order generally coincides with increasing atomic mass, too. |
| Metals | * Solid at room temperature * Shiny luster * Ductile (bend in to wire) * Malleable (hammered) |
| Metals | * Good conductor (heat and electricity) * High density *High melting point *Reactivity- those metals found at the bottom left corner of the PT are most reactive. |
| Non-Metals | * No luster (dull appearance) * Poor conductors of heat and electricity * Brittle (breaks easily) * Not ductile |
| Non-Metals | * Not malleable * Low density * Low melting point * Less reactive than metals |
| Metalloids | * Elements on both sides of the zigzag line (staircase) have properties of both metals and nonmetals |
| Periods | *The process on the PT are the rows numbered 1-7 * Atomic number increase from left to right * Those in the same periods have the same number of energy levels or shells * Chemical properties are not all similar |
| Groups | *The groups or families on the PT are the columns numbered from 1-8 *Same number of valence electrons * Chemical properties are very similar *Group 1 is most reactive and Group 8 is the most inert (stable) |
| Reactivity of atoms | * The ability of atoms to combine or separate with other atoms to create new substances. (chemical reaction) * Valence electrons are the key to this process *Reactivity changes across the periodic table |
| Happy Stable Atom | *Having its outer level (shell) filled with electrons * Example: group 18 *These atoms do not want to bond with other atoms. (inert) * Helium is the exception because its "happy" (stable) with only two valence electrons |
| Alkali Metals | * Highly reactive metals * They are so reactive that they are never found uncombined in nature * Metals soft enough to cut with a butter knife |
| Alkali Earth Metals | *Not as reactive as the Alkali metals, but still never found uncombined in nature * Serve as important minerals for our bodies |
| Transitional Metals | * Hard dense metals that are useful as building materials, jewelry and coins * Also used as oxides to make paints and pigments |
| Noble Gases | * Unreactive gases * Do not react naturally always found on their own in nature * Used in "neon" signs, balloons and light bulbs |
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