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Medical Terminology
Chapter 5- The Nervous System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aphasia | inability to speak |
| ataxia | lack of coordination |
| catatonia | condition characterized by reduced muscle tone |
| delirium | brief loss of mental function |
| dementia | loss/decline in mental fuction |
| dyskinesia | difficulty moving |
| dyslexia | difficulty reading |
| dysphasia | difficulty speaking |
| dystonia | condition characterized by involuntary muscle movements |
| insomnia | inability to sleep |
| myoclonus | muscle twitching |
| myospasm | involuntary muscle contraction |
| neurasthenia | nerve weakness |
| somnambulism | sleep walking |
| syncope | fainting; losing consciousness due to temporary loss of blood flow to brain |
| cephalalgia | head pain |
| cephalogynia | head pain |
| encephalalgia | brain pain |
| neuralgia | nerve pain |
| neurodynnia | nerve pain |
| hemiparesis | partial paralysis on half the body |
| hemiplegia | paralysis on half the body |
| monoparesis | partial paralysis of one limb |
| monoplegia | paralysis of one limb |
| paralysis | complete loss of sensation and motor function |
| paresis | partial paralysis characterized by varying degrees of sensation and motor function |
| anosmia | lack of a sense of smell |
| causalgia | painful sensation of burning |
| dysesthesia | bad feeling |
| hyperesthesia | increased sensation |
| paresthesia | abnormal sensation (usually numbness or tingling in the skin) |
| pseudesthesia | false sensation |
| synesthesia | |
| acrophobia | fear of heights |
| agoraphobia | fear of outdoor spaces |
| hydrophobia | fear of water |
| keptomania | desire to steal |
| photophobia | excessive sensitivity to light |
| pyromania | desire to set fire |
| cerebral angiography | procedure used to examine blood vessels in the brain |
| echoencephalography | procedure used to examine the brain using sound waves |
| electroencephalography (EEG) | procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain |
| encephalography | procedure for studying the brain |
| lumber puncture (LP) | inserting a needle into the lumbar region of the spine in order to collect spinal fluid, commonly called a "spinal tap" |
| magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) | procedure used to examine blood vessels |
| myelogram | image of the spinal cord, usually done using x-ray |
| positron emission tomography (PET) scan | an imaging procedure that uses radiation (positrons) to produce cross sections of the brain |
| transcranial Doppler sonography | an imaging technique that produces an image of the brain using sound waves sent through the skull |
| cerebellitis | inflammation of the cerebellum |
| cerebral atrophy | wasting away of brain tissue |
| duritis | inflammation of the dura |
| encephalocele | hernia of the brain |
| hematoma | a tumor-like mass made up of blood |
| cranial hematoma | a hematoma beneath the skull |
| epidural hematoma | a hematoma located on top of the dura |
| intracerebral hematoma | a hematoma located inside the brain |
| subdural hematoma | a hematoma located beneath the dura |
| macrocephaly | abnormally large head |
| microcephaly | abnormally small head |
| meningocele | a hernia of the meninges |
| myelocele | a hernia of the spinal cord |
| myelomalacia | abnormal softening of the spinal cord |
| myelomeningocele | a hernia of the spinal cord and meninges |
| neuritis | nerve inflammation |
| neuroma | a nerve tumor |
| neurosclerosis | hardening of nerves |
| polyneuritis | inflammation of multiple nerves |
| agnosia | inability to comprehend |
| apathy | lack of emotion |
| atopognosis | inability to locate a sensation |
| hyperkinesia | increase in muscle movement or activity |
| neurasthenia | nerve weakness |
| neuroglycopenia | deficiency of sugar that interferes with normal brain activity |
| nystagmus | involuntary back and forth eye movements |
| prosopagnosia | inability to recognize faces |
| anesthesiologist | doctor who specializes in anesthesiology |
| afferent nerve | a nerve that carries impulses toward the central nervous system |
| efferent nerve | a nerve that carries impulses away the central nervous system |
| neurogenic | originating from/created by nerves |
| psychogenic | originating in/created by the mind |
| psychiatrist | doctor who specializes in the treatment of the mind |
| psychiatry | branch of medicine that focuses on the treatment of the mind |
| psychologist | doctor who specializes in the study of the mind |
| psychology | branch of medicine that focuses on the study of the mind |
| psychosomatic | pertaining to the relationship between the body and the mind |
| idiopathic | having no known cause or origin |
| interictal | time between seizures |
| postictal | time after a seizure |
| preictal | time before a seizure |
| tonic | pertaining to muscle tone |
| clonus | muscle spasm or twitching |
| tonic-clonic seizure | a seizure characterized by both a tonic and clonic phase |
| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | an accident involving the blood vessels of the brain |
| stroke | loss of brain function caused by interruption of blood flow/supply to the brain |
| hemorrhagic stroke | a stroke where the blood loss is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel |
| ischemic stroke | a stroke where the blood loss is caused by a blockage |
| transient ischemic attack (TIA) | a "mini-stroke" caused by the blockage of a blood vessel, which resolves within 24 hours |
| cerebrovascular disease | a disease of the blood vessels of the brain |
| cerebral aneurysm | the widening or abnormal dilation of a blood vessel in the brain |
| cerebral arteriosclerosis | the hardening of an artery in the brain |
| cerebral atherosclersis | the hardening of an artery in the brain caused by the buildup of fatty plaque |
| cerebral embolism | the blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a foreign object |
| cerebral thrombosis | the blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a blood clot |
| craniomalacia | abnormal softening of the skull |
| craniosclerosis | abnormal hardening of the skull |
| craniostenosis | abnormal narrowing of the skull |
| craniosynostosis | premature fusing of the skull bones |
| hydrocephaly | abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid in the brain |
| cerebellitis | inflammation of the cerebellum |
| cerebromeningitis | inflammation of the brain and meninges |
| encephailitis | inflammation of the brain |
| encephalomyelitis | inflammation of the brain and spinal cord |
| encephalomyeloneuropathy | disease of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves |
| encephalopathy | disease of the brain |
| encephalopyosis | a pus-filled abscess in the brain |
| gangliitis | inflammation of a ganglion |
| ganglioma | ganglion tumor |
| intracerebral hemorrhage | excessive bleeding inside the brain |
| meningopathy | disease of the mininges |
| meningioma | tumor of the meninges |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges |
| meningoencephalitis | inflammation of the meninges and brain |
| myelitis | inflammation of the spinal cord |
| myelodysplasia | defective formation of the spinal cord |
| myelopathy | disease of the spinal cord |
| neuroarthropathy | disease of the joint associated with nerves |
| neuroencephalomyelopathy | disease of the nerves, brain, and spinal cord |
| neropathy | disease of the nervous system |
| poliomyelitis | inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord |
| polyneuropathy | disease affecting multiple nerves |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | a degenerative disease of the central nervous system causing loss of muscle control |
| anorexia | an eating disorder characterized by the patient's refusal to eat |
| bulimia | an eating disorder characterized by overeating and usually followed by forced vomiting |
| cerebral palsy | paralysis caused by damage to the area of the brain responsible for movement |
| dysphoria | a negative emotional state |
| euphoria | a postive emotional state |
| epilepsy | a disease marked by seizures |
| hypomania | a mental state just below mania |
| manic depression (bipolar) | a psychiatric disorder characterized by alternating bouts of excitement and depression |
| myasthenia | muscle weakness |
| narcolepsy | a disease characterized by sudden, uncontrolled sleepiness |
| neurosis | a nerve condition |
| psychosis | a mind condition |
| psychopathy | a mental illness |
| schizophrenia | a mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech |
| anesthetic | a drug that causes loss of sensation |
| general anesthetic | anesthetic that causes complete loss of consciousness |
| local anesthetic | anesthetic that does not affect consciousness |
| regional anesthetic | anesthetic that is injected into a nerve causing loss of sensation over a particular area |
| topical anesthetic | local anesthesia applied to the surface of the area to be anesthetized |
| epidural anesthetic | anesthetic applied in the dural region of the spinal cord |
| aanalgesic | a drug that relieves pain |
| anticonvulsant | a drug that opposes convulsions |
| antidepressant | a drug that opposes depression |
| antipsychotic | a drug that opposes psychoses |
| anxiolytic | a drug that lessens anxiety |
| hypnotic | a drug that aids sleep |
| neuropharmacology | the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system |
| psychopharmacology | the study of the effects of drugs on mental processes |
| pyschotropic | drugs that are able to turn the mind |
| thrombolytic | a drug that dissolves clots |
| cerebrotomy | incision into the brain |
| chemotherapy | treatment using chemicals |
| craniectomy | removal of a piece of the skull |
| craniotomy | incision into the skull |
| endarterectomy | removal of the inside of an artery |
| endovascular neurosurgery | surgery on the nervous system performed by entering the body through blood vessels |
| lobectomy | removal of a lobe |
| lobotomy | incision into a lobe |
| neurctomy | removal of a nerve |
| neurolysis | destruction of nerve tissue |
| neurplasty | reconstruction of a nerve |
| neurorrhaphy | suturing of a nerve |
| neurotomy | incision in a nerve |
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