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Chemistry Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | is made of atoms, its anything that occupies space |
| Atoms | the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element |
| Protons | is positively charged |
| Electrons | in negatively charged and is found in the orbitals |
| Orbitals | 3-D region around the nucleus |
| Neutrons | has a neutral charge |
| Elements | substances that cannot be broken down chemically into smaller kinds of matter |
| Atomic Number | is equal to the number of protons |
| Atomic Mass or Mass Number | is equal to the number of protons and nuetrons |
| Isotope | have the same number of protons and electrons, but a different number of nuetrons |
| Compounds | made of atoms of 2 or more elements in a fixed proportion |
| Chemical Bonds | attractive forces that hold together atoms |
| Molecule | simplest part of a substance that retains all the properties of the substance |
| Hydrogen Bonds | attraction between + & -; electrons favor O over H |
| Ionic Bonds | when an atom loses or gains electrons it becomes electrically charged |
| Covalent Bonds | also called a molecular bond, this chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These pairs are shared within the outer electron shell (orbit followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus). |
| Non-Polar Covalent Bonds | Pair of electrons shared EQUALLY by two atoms |
| Polar Covalent Bonds | Pair of electrons shared UNEQUALLY by two atoms; Example: Water which leads to many interesting properties of water |
| Solid | maintains a fixed volume & shape, particle move less rapidly than other states of matter |
| Liquid | Particles move more freely than solid state of matter |
| Gas | Little or no attraction between particles, move the most rapidly of the three states of matter |
| Reactants | Substances that enter chemical reactions |
| Products | Substances produced by chemical reactions |
| Metabolism | term used to describe the chemical reactions that occur within an organism |
| Activation Energy | the energy that must be added to the reaction for it to begin |
| Enzymes | Proteins that lower the amount of activation energy necessary for a reaction to begin in living systems |
| Oxidation Reaction | when reactant loses one or more electron |
| Reduction Reaction | when a reactant gains one or more electrons |
| Cohesion | |
| Adhesion | |
| Solute | |
| Solvent | |
| Saturated Solution | |
| Aqueous Solution | |
| Acid | |
| Base | |
| Buffers | |
| How many chemical elements are essential for life? | 25 |
| What 4 elements make up 96% of living matter? | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen & Nitrogen (C, H, O & N) |
| What 4 elements make up the remaining 4% of living matter on earth when you eliminate C, H, O & N? | Phosphorus, Calcium, Sulfur & Potassium (P, Ca, S, K) |
Created by:
Sherlock_is_Studying
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