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Chapter 10
Unit Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the Five Pillars of Islam? | Faith, prayer, alms, fasting and pilgrimage. |
| Who did Muslims consider " people of the book" and why? | Jews and Christians because they too have a holy book with similar teachings to those of the Qur'an. |
| In what ways are Muslim teachings similar to those of Christians and Jews? | Christian and Jewish teachings involve one true god, heaven, hell, and a judgment day. They believe in the values of love, honesty, compassion and respect and they trace their ancestry back to Abraham, just like Islamic teachings. |
| What are three examples of goods traded in Arabia during the early year of A.D 570? | Spices, incense, perfumes. |
| Why was Mecca an important city in Western Arabia? | Mecca was a major city that linked numerous central trade routes. Mecca also had a very mixed religious environment and it was the birth place of Muhammad. |
| What event in Muhammad's life signaled the beginning of Islam? | When Muhammad received visions from Allah's messenger, Gabriel. |
| Who were the first followers of Islam? | Muhammad's wife, Khadijah, and closest friends. |
| What is the shari'a? | The system of law that regulates moral conduct and business, community and family life of Muslims. |
| How did the belief and practices of Islam help unite Muslims in the 600s? | The Qur'an was written in Arabic because Muslims believed Arabic to be the only proper language that could correctly communicate the word of Allah. Arabic became a central language amongst Muslims and bond them together. |
| What is considered a turning point in Muhammad's life and why? | When Muhammad moved over 200 miles north of Mecca to Medina and attracted numerous devoted followers along the away. |
| Why were Muslims successful conquers? | The Sassanid and Byzantine Empires had weakened each other militarily because of years of battle and the Muslim armies were expertly commanded and disciplined. |
| What are the three groups within Islam? | The Shi'a, Sunni and Sufi. |
| What is the main differences between the three groups of Islam? | The Shi'a believe that all Muslim leaders must have descended from Muhammad and resent the Sunni. The Sunni believe that all Muslim rulers must follow the Sunna and resent the Shi'a. The Sufi pursue a life of poverty and devotion to a spiritual path. |
| How would a single language and currency benefit trade? | A single language would make communication far more efficient because everyone would speak the same way. A single currency would make buying and selling goods easier because no conversions would need to be made. |
| What is a caliph? | A supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government. |
| How were conquered people of "rightly guided" caliphs treated? | The conquered people were allowed to follow their own religions, although they were not allowed to spread them. They can take up lives of officials, scholars, and bureaucrats. |
| Why did the Shi'ites oppose the rule of the Umayyads? | The Umayyads were not descendants of Muhammad, so the Shi'ites believed they were not worthy of ruling. |
| What city in al-Andalus attracted artists, scientists and philosophers? | The city of Córdoba. |
| How did the Abbasids deal with the remaining members of the Umayyads dynasty after they came to power? | The Abbasids brutally murdered all members of the Umayyads dynasty. |
| What caused a separation between Muslim people when the Umayyads dynasty came to power? | The Umayyads abandoned the simple life of previous caliphs and began to surround themselves with wealth and ceremony similar to that of non-Muslim rulers and had leadership issues. |
| According to Muhammad, what are the nine valuable results of knowledge? | It enables us to know right from wrong; it lightens the way to Heaven; is our friend in the desert, our society in solitude, our friend when lonely; it shows happiness; it saves us in misery; it is an ornament amongst friends, and a weapon against evil. |
| How did fulfilling religious duties involve astronomy and mathematics? Give one example. | Muslims relied on Mathematics and Astronomy to know what specific time of day they were required to pray during. |
| What is calligraphy? | The art of beautiful Handwriting. |
| What is the advantage of blending various traditions within culture? | The many traditions combined with the Arabic culture to create an international flavor that is unique and interesting. |
| What elements helped strength Abbasid rule? | Science, Math, city life, society, art and literature. |
| What was the role of women in the Muslim society? | Muslim women had more rights than European, Indian, and Chinese women of the same age. They had access to education, but were expected submit to men and raise the children. When they did go out in public, they were expected to be veiled. |
| How did Muslim scholars help preserve the knowledge of the ancient Greeks and Romans? | Muslims translated Greek and Roman scriptures after Rome fell in A.D. 476. |
| What were some of the Muslim contributions in medicine? | The great Muslim physician, Al-Razi wrote an encyclopedia called "Comprehensive Book" that drew on knowledge from Greek, Syrian, Arabic, and Indian sources as well as on his own experience. Al-Razi also wrote "Treatise on Smallpox and Measles." |
| What united the scholars of different cultures who worked in the House of Wisdom? | They all believed in the power of knowledge and worked to learn more about the world. |
| What are the four social classes? | Muslims who were born Muslims make up the first class. Converts to Islam were the second class. The "protected people" were the third class, this included Jews and Christians. The lowest class was composed of slaves. |
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gtaveroni