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micro lab exam 2
from study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| materials presented here were used to carry out a technique called ___ allowing students to transfer a pattern of bacterial colonies from one plate to many other plates | replica plating |
| Replica plating is easy to use and requ9ires less ___ tan would be needed if each colony was transferred individually and streaked onto a plate | time and materials |
| mannitol salt agar (MS) contains 7.5% NaCl and is selective for halophiles like __ and __ | Micrococcus and Staphylococcus |
| MSA contains phenol red and allows differentation of bacteria of their abbility to ferment __ | mannitol |
| organisms that can ferment mannitol and form acid will turn medium | yellow |
| organisms that cannot ferment mannitol turn the medium | no color change, it will remain red |
| Tergitol-7 and Mac Conkey agar are __ media because the promote the growht of Gram - bacteria while inhibiting the growth of other organisms | selective media |
| Tergitol-7 and Mac Conkey agar are also ___ as they cause fermentative organisms of form colonies that look diff then those of non fermentative | differential |
| the carbohydrate in the Tergitol-7 and Mac Conkey media is | lactose |
| lactose fermenting colonies will be what color on Mac vs T-7 | pink on Mac and yellow on T-7 |
| Non fermenting forms will be what color on MAC vs T-7 | pale tan or yellowish on MAC and blue on T-7 |
| whya re viable cells the only ones that can be counted | only viable cells are capable of growing into colonies that can be seen and counted. Individual cells can't be seen with naked eyes (alive or dead) |
| microorganisms that require O2 to grow are obligately aerobic and use a ___ type metabolism | respiratory |
| tubes with repiratory organisms will be what color (also in Durham tube) | green under vaspar seal and inside Durham tube |
| Tues containing fermentative organisms will be what color | yellow |
| yellow color toward top of unseald tube is doe to the production of | aerobic acid |
| organisms able to ferment the carbohydrate will be what color and due to what | yellow color due to acid production |
| what evidence is visible withing the fermetative tube | gas producion (split, bubbles or cracks in medium) |
| organisms not capbale of germenting the carbohydrate will be what color using peptone in medium | no color change , mediym will remain red |
| tubes contain glucose and a buffer tend to inhibit pH change. The pH indicator used is __ and is added to culture after 48H of incubation | methyl red |
| organisms that are capable of producing large amounts of __ test positive as they overcome the effects of the buffer | acid |
| tube containing organisms not capable of acid production will be what color when methyl red indicator is added | yellow |
| tube containing organisms capable of acid production will turn __ when methyl red indicator is added | red |
| TSI can me used to demonstrate the ability of certain bacteria to catabolize __ that contain sulfur | amino acid |
| Organisms able to catabolize amino acid that contain sulfur will produce a gaseouse end product called | hydrogen sulfide |
| hydrogen sulfide will bind with iron in the media and form a precipitate called | iron sulfide |
| organism that the can form iron sulfide the tubes are what color | black |
| SIM media can be used to determine if bacteria are capable of H2S production, indole production and __ | motility |
| Kovac's reagent was added to SIM to determine if that bacteria could catabolize ___ to form indole | tryptophan (amino acid) |
| tubbes used to determin if bacteria could ___ (remove a COOH- group from the amino acid lysine | decarboxylate |
| Bacteria that can decarboxylate lysine will form CO2 and ___ | amine (cadaverine) |
| bacteria that are capable of producing cadaverine will color tubes | yellow in control and lysine tube is purple |
| bacteria not capable of producing cadaverine will color tubes | both tubes are yellow |
| 2 reasons a vaspar seal was used in the amino acid tubes with lysine and the control | the vaspar seal is applied to create an anaerobic environment and to ensure glucose fermentation and the seal also keeps volatile amines inside |
| to determine if bacteria form urease and enzyme that can be used to convert urea into __ | ammonia |
| ___ tes is used to determine if bacteria are able to form an enzyme called cytochrome C | oxidase test |
| this enzyme is associated with the electron transport chain and was used in the oxidase test | cytochrome C |
| tubes containing coagulated (solidified) plasma were inoculated with organisms capable of forming | coagulase enzymes |
| tubes containing liquid plasma had organisms incapable of forming | coagulase enzymes |
| catalase test was used to distinguish between various types of | Gram positive cocci |
| The reagent used to conduct a catalase test is | hydrogen peroxide 3% |
| a positive catalase reaction is indicated by the formation of | bubbles |
| ___ is an enzyme formed by huperthermophilic bacteria called Thermus aquaticus | Taq polymerase |
| __ is a method that is used to amplify segments of DNA in vitro | PCR plymerase chain reaction |
| bacteria that produce thermostable DNA polymerase enzymes were originallly found | yellowstone national park |
| why is it important that the enzymes used in the PCR be thermostable | enzymes not stable at high temps would be denatured by the PCR treatment |
| small sengments of DNA that are used for PCR and bind to single stranded DNA are called | oligonuclotide primers |
| ___ provide the free 3' end for DNA replication and they determine which region of the template DNA strand will be amplified | primers |
| we extrancted small extrachromosomal loops of DNA called ___ from JM83 andJM101 | plasmids |
| plasmids contain genes referred to as maker genes that code for resistance to | ampicillin (an antibiotic) |
| enzymes that can cut double stranded DNA by breaking phosphodiester bonds are called | restriction endonucleases |
| for digestion ex we used Escherichia coli strain RY13 called ___ | EcoRI |
| EcoRI cut double stranded DNA between G and A baring nucleotieds forming ___ or sticky ends | cohesive termini |
| and ezyme that prevents the digestion of DNA by adding methyl groups to certain bases are | modification enzymes (methylases) |
| RFLP means | restriction fragment lenght polymorphism |
| how are RFLP created | cutting DNA with restriction enzymes |
| You know the electrophoresis chamber is in the correct position if | wells are located at the end of the chamber farthest from the anode (positive electrode). |
| NCBI stands for | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| BLAST was used for what | to identifiy the organisms that the nuclotides sequence came from |
Created by:
JohnPink