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Chapter 2 Sec 2-3
Bio Glossary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ENERGY | THE CAPACITY TO DO WORK |
| CHEMICAL REACTION | THE PROCESS BY WHICH ONE OR MORE SUBSTANCES CHANGE TO PRODUCE ONE OR MORE SUBSTANCES. |
| REACTANT | A SUBSTANCE OR MOLECULE THAT PARTICIPATES IN A CHEMICAL REACTION. |
| PRODUCT | A SUBSTANCE THAT FORMS IN A CHEMICAL REACTION. |
| METABOLISM | A SUM OF ALL CHEMICAL PROCESSES THAT OCCUR IN AN ORGANISM. |
| ACTIVATION ENERGY | THE MINIMUM AMOUNT OF ENERGY REQUIRED TO START A CHEMICAL REACTION. |
| CATALYST | A SUBSTANCE THAT CHANGES THE RATE OF A CHEMICAL REACTION WITHOUT BEING CONSUMED OR CHANGED SIGNIFICANTLY |
| ENZYME | A TYPE OF PROTEIN OR RNA MOLECULE THAT SPEEDS UP METABOLIC REACTIONS IN PLANT AND ANIMALS WITHOUT BEING PERMANENTLY CHANGED OR DESTROYED. |
| REDOX REACTION | A REACTION IN WHICH ELECTRONS ARE TRANSFERRED BETWEEN ATOMS; ALSO KNOWN AS AN OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTION. |
| OXIDATION REACTION | A CHEMICAL REACTION IN WHICH A REACTANT LOSES ONE ORE MORE ELECTRONS SUCH THAT THE REACTANT BECOMES MORE POSITIVE IN CHARGE. |
| REDUCTION REDACTION | A CHEMICAL CHANGE IN WHICH ELECTRONS ARE GAINED; EITHER BY THE REMOVAL OF OXYGEN, THE ADDITION OF OXYGEN OR THE ADDITION OF ELECTRONS. |
| POLAR | DESCRIBES A MOLECULE WITH OPPOSITE CHARGES AND OPPOSITE ENDS. |
| HYDROGEN BOND | THE INTER MOLECULAR FORCE OCCURRING WHEN A HYDROGEN ATOM THAT IS BONDED TO A HIGHLY ELECTRONEGATIVE ATOM OF ONE MOLECULE IS ATTRACTED TO TWO UNSHARED ELECTRONS OF ANOTHER MOLECULE. |
| COHESION | A FORCE THAT HOLDS MOLECULES OF A SINGLE MATERIAL TOGETHER. |
| ADHESION | THE ATTRACTIVE FORCE BETWEEN TWO BODIES OF DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES THAT ARE IN CONTACT WITH EACH OTHER. |
| CAPILLARITY | THE ATTRACTION BETWEEN MOLECULES THAT RESULTS IN THE RISE OF A LIQUID IN SMALL TUBES. |
| SOLUTION | A HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE THROUGHOUT WHICH TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES ARE UNIFORMLY DISPERSED. |
| SOLUTE | IN A SOLUTION, THE SUBSTANCE THAT SOLUTES IN THEE SOLVENT. |
| SOLVENT | IN A SOLUTION, THE SUBSTANCE IN WHICH SOLUTE DISSOLVES. T\ |
| CONCENTRATION | THE AMOUNT OF A PARTICULAR SUBSTANCE IN A GIVEN QUANTITY IN A MIXTURE, SOLUTION OR ORE. |
| SATURATED SOLUTION | A SOLUTION THAT CANNOT DISSOLVE ANYMORE SOLUTE UNDER THE GIVEN CONDITIONS. |
| AQUEOUS SOLUTION | A SOLUTION IN WHICH WATER IS THE SOLVENT. |
| HYDROXIDE ION | THE "OH" ION |
| HYDRONIUM ION | AN ION CONSISTING OF A PROTON COMBINED WITH A MOLECULE OF WATER |
| ACID | ANY COMPOUND THAT INCREASES THE NUMBER OF HYDRONIUM IONS WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER, ACIDS TURN BLUE LITMUS PAPER REACT WITH BASES AND SOME METALS TO FORM SALT. |
| BASE | ANY COMPOUND THAT INCREASES THE NUMBER OF HYDROXIDE IONS WHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER, BASES TURN RED LITMUS PAPER BLUE AND REACT WITH ACIDS TO FORM SALTS. |
| PH SCALE | A RANGE OF VALUES THAT ARE USED TO EXPRESS THE ACIDITY OF A SYSTEM; EACH WHOLE NUMBER ON THE SCALE INDICATES A TENFOLD CHANGE IN THE ACIDITY. |
| BUFFER | A SOLUTION MADE FROM A WEAK ACID AND ITS CONJUGATED BASE NEUTRALIZES SMALL AMOUNTS OF ACIDS OR BASES ADDED TO IT. |
Created by:
navarroc20
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