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Chapter 13
Chemical Kinetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the definition of kinetics? | how fast do reactions go? |
| rate = | change of concentration (c) / change in time (t |
| anytime you see brackets around an equation, it is referring to: | concentration a.k.a molarity |
| rate has units of: | molar/s or mol (L x s) |
| disapperance refers to when the __ | reacatant decreases - always negative |
| appearance refers to when the __ | product increases - positive |
| 2 types of rates? | instantaneous & average |
| average rate is not that useful because it... | depends on starting & ending times |
| average rate | change in concentration measured over a nonzero time interval |
| this type of rate is equal to the slope of the line, at a particular point. | instantaneous rate |
| which rate is more accurate? | instantaneous |
| reactions can be changed with? | temperature |
| k= | rate constant |
| x= | order of reaction with respect to A |
| y= | order of reaction with respect to B |
| in rate law, the reaction order is based off of: | reactant |
| k[conc]1. what rate order is this? | 1st order |
| k[conc]2 is __ order | 2nd order |
| k[conc]0 is __ order | zero order |
| the only time k will change is if we: | change the temp |
| what is half-life? | the time required for the initial concentration to decrease by 1/2 |
| for the symbols of isotope, a represents ___ while z is ___ and x= | mass number, atomic number & element |
| a proton or neutron is referred to as a __ | nucleon |
| what is a nuclide? | nucleus of a specific isotope |
| a stable isotope does not ___ | spontaneously decompose into another nuclide |
| we cant generate something new for this type of reaction. | nuclear |
| what type of nuclide can spontaneously decompose into another nuclide? | radioactive nuclide |
| heavier elements have the tendency to: | break down into something else |
| if the number of neutrons are greater than the number of protons, this is considered a ___ | stable nuclide |
| something is considered a stable nuclide if its atomic number goes up to 20 and ___ | the number of neutrons & protons are above 20 |
| nuclear stability is greater for nuclides containing __ | even numbers of protons, neutrons or both |
| what are the 3 kinds of emissions from radioactive elements? | alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays |
| alpha particles has __ energy | high |
| beta particles has __ that originates from nucleus | high energy electrons |
| gamma rays has a short wavelength, which means they have __ energy | high |
| a __ describes any process when a nuclide undergoes change | nuclear equation |
| alpha decay __ | decreases the atomic number by 2 & mass number by 4 |
| beta decay ___ | increases atomic number by 1 - no change in mass number |
| beta particles don't exist in __ | nucleus |
| beta emission is observed in nuclides that ___ | have too many electrons to be stable |
| positron emission has a __ charge and ___ | positive charge - decreases atomic number by 1 - no change in mass number |
| positron emission is seen in nuclides with __ | too many protons to be stable |
| beta particle and positron are ___ and symbol is __ | opposites - z |
| what happens in electron capture? | an electron in a low orbital of an atom is captured by nucleus and converts protons to neutrons |
| radioactive decays obeys which order rate law? | 1st |
| N= | number radioactive atoms at time |
| number radioactive atoms present at t=0 is represented by: | N0 |
| the reaction rate is proportional to the __which is ___ | collision frequency - number of molecular collisions per second |
| when temperature increases. what happens to collisions? | it increases as well |
| activation energy (Ea) : | minimum energy required for reaction to occur |
| the highest energy arrangement of atoms that occurs in the course of a reaction is known as__ | activated complex |
Created by:
Mariahj25
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