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MWH Sem 1 Vocabulary
Prep for Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| government | System for exercising authority |
| monarchy | Gov controlled by ONE person (king/queen) |
| aristocracy | State that is ruled by the NOBLE class |
| oligarchy | Gov ruled by a FEW people |
| democracy | Idea that people can rule THEMSELVES |
| common law | English law based on the reflected customs established over time by the culture |
| Magna Carta | a document from 1215 limiting the monarch's power in England and guaranteeing political rights |
| due process of law | orderly ways to protect people's rights with using laws |
| Parliament | lawmaking body in England |
| divine right | Theory that monarch's power is given by God |
| Constitutional monarchy | Monarch's power LIMITED by law written- King/Queen held to the laws in a contract/constitution |
| bill of rights | Rights and freedoms considered ESSENTIAL to the people. First 10 amendments of the US Constitution. "Freedom to/of/from_______" |
| Enlightenment | intellectual movement started in Europe- challenged the gov and religion's role |
| social contract | agreement BETWEEN Gov and and among the people |
| Natural rights | rights ALL people have to Life, Liberty (freedom) and Property |
| separation of powers | division of gov into different branches of power- Legislative (law making), Judicial (legal/court), Executive (enforces and enacts laws) |
| American Revolution | fight for independence from Britain- 1776 declared independence |
| French Revolution | fight for democratic freedoms within their own country- violent overthrow of Louis 16th and the monarchy- |
| Russian Revolution | Overthrow of the Romanov dynasty- fight for land ownership, food and peace - rise of the Soviet Union and Communism shift |
| Absolute monarchy | Ruler with ABSOLUTE power not to be questioned |
| ethics | set of values or morals |
| radical | favoring extreme or rapid changes |
| statesman | Wise and experienced political leader |
| tolerance | willingness to let other people hold different opinions that are different from one's own |
| traditional | something passed down from generation to generation |
| consent | permission |
| apostle | one of the earliest missionaries for Christ |
| philosophers | thinkers who question and talk about solutions/ideas |
| submit | yield to the authority of another |
| morality | rules of right and wrong |
| Duma | lawmaking body in Russia |
| Czar Nicholas II | Last ruling Romanov- overthrown in the Russian Revolution |
| Autocracy | One ruler |
| sovereignty | a country's right to rule themself without outside influence or pressure (a colony does NOT have sovereignty) |
| literacy | ability to read and write |
| imperialism | one stronger country taking over and controlling the resources and culture of another country- dominating economically and politically |
| nationalism | strong sense of pride and allegiance to their nation- rise of nationalism pitted countries to rise and fight each other in WW1 |
| Mohammad (Muhammad) | Founder of Islam in 622 first Islamic state created |
| Mecca | City in Saudi Arabia that was the birthplace of Muhammad and the holiest city for Muslims |
| Quran/ Koran | The holy book of Islam |
| 3 main Monotheistic Religions | Judaism, Christianity, Islam (Jews, Christians, Muslims) |
| 3 branches of Christianity | Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox |
| 2 main branches of Islam | Sunni (85%) and Shi'a/Shiite (10-15%) |
| Siddhartha Gautama | Founder of Buddhism- the first Boddhisatva to reach enlightenment |
| reincarnation | Belief that after death soul returns in another form of a life to repeat the cycle with more opportunity to reach enlightenment. Karma influences cycle. (Hinduism & Buddhism) |
| agriculture | farming |
| arid | dry land |
| precipitation | rain, snow, hail... |
| Confucianism | Chinese philosopher focusing on relationships and respect |
| Khmer | ethnicity in Cambodia |
| Pax | Peace - commonly used to refer to periods of history Pax Romana, Pax Mongolia.... |
| Genghis Khan | Mongolian ruler in the 1200's who conquered/ destroyed much of Asia and using calvary and heavy armory to force unification. Any resistance caused extreme retribution and grisly violence toward the people. |
| 13th century = ______ | 1200's 15th century 1400's 21st century 2000's |
| heliocentric | Understanding that the Earth revolves around the Sun and the Sun is the CENTER not the Earth |
Created by:
Ms. Young