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Laboratory Review
VTNE questions from books
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Left shift | increased numbers of immature neutrophils in the blood |
| Lead poisioning can cause | Basophilic stippling |
| Hemoglobin formation begins during the _____ stage of erythrocyte maturation and ends during the _____ stage. | rubricyte; metarubricyte |
| The primary cytokine involved in the stimulation of erythrocyte production is: | Erythropoietin |
| The primary cytokine involved in the stimulation of platelet production is: | Thrombopoietin |
| The primary leukocyte involved in the stimulation of leukocyte production is: | Leukopoietin |
| The primary site for the production of blood cells in the neonatal and juvenile animal is: | Red bone marrow |
| The primary site for the production of blood cells in the adult animal is: | Red bone marrow |
| The cells in the erythrocyte maturation seris in order from more immature to most mature are: | Rubriblast, prorubricyte, rubricyte, metarubricyte, reticulocytes |
| The cells in the granulocyte maturation seris in order from most immature to most mature are: | Myeloblast, Promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte, band cell |
| After a granulocyte matures to the _____ stage, it begins to exhibit granules that are characteristic of the neutrophils, the eosinophil, or the basophil. | Myelocyte |
| The granulocyte proliferation pool consists of: | Myeloblasts, promyelocytes, and myelocytes |
| A decrease in number of all blood cells and platelets is termed: | Pancytopenia |
| When a sample is described as having a left shift, it means that there is: | An increase in the number of immature neutrophils in the blood |
| The Vacutainer that is most suitable for collection of blood for hematology has a _____ colored top. | Purple or lavender |
| Which anticoagulant is preferred for routine hematologic studies because it preserves cell morphology? | EDTA |
| The preferrred site for venipuncture in large animals is the: | Jugular |
| The preferred site for venipuncture in dogs when small volumes are needed is the: | Cephalic vein |
| The fluid portion of the blood that contain no formed elements or fibrinogen is: | Serum |
| The anticoagulant that provides the best preservation of glucose is: | Sodium fluoride |
| Leaving a touriquet in place for an excessive amount of time can cause: | Hemoconcentration |
| When collecting samples from a patient who requires hematology, chemistry, and coagulation testing, the first sample will be the one that requires _____ anticoagulant. | Citrate |
| The "tiger-top" blood collection contains: | Gel seperator |
| The instrument that counts particles on the basis of their size is the: | Impedance counter |
| The instrument that counts particles on the basis of their relative size and density is the: | Laser flow ctyometer |
| The instrument that provides an estimate of cell counts on the basis of differential centrifugation is the: | Quantitative buffy coat analyzer |
| Running the electrolyte solution through the impedance counter to identify the presence of small particles so that the analyzer does not count them is referred to as the: | Background count |
| Samples from _____ may not be adequately evaluated with impedance analyzers as a result of the size similarities between red blood cells and platelets | Cats |
| The volume from each of the nine squares of the hemocytometer with the Neubauer ruling is: | 0.1 uL (micro) |
| An increase in the number of circulating erythrocytes is termed: | Polycythemia |
| Which of the following is a possible cause of relative polycythemia? Tumors; Lung dz; Splenic contractions; Excess EPO in the blood | Splenic contractions |
| Common causes of increased plasma protein levels include: | Dehydration |
| Plasma that appears to have a yellow tinge in a spun microhematocrit tube is referred to as: | Icteric |
| Plasma that appears milky in a spun microhematocrit tube is referred to as: | Lipemic |
| The instrument that is used to measure the total protein content of a sample is: | Refractometer |
| What causes a false decrease in packed cell volume? | Low blood to anticoagulant ratio |
| The normal packed cell volume in dogs is about: | 45% |
| A canine patient with a PCV of 38% and a RBC count of 6.5 x 10^6 uL has a MCV of: | 58 fL |
| A unit of measure for MCHC is: | g/dL |
| An estimate of the total red blood cell count can be obtained by dividing the _____ by 6. | PCV |
| When making a blood smear with a sample that is very thick and contains some small clots, you should: | Make the smear from a fresh sample. |
| The predominant WBC type in ruminants is the | Lymphocyte |
| Which cell type is characterized by amoeboid nuclear material and abundant, blue-gray, vacuolated cytoplasm? | Monocyte |
| The WBC that responds to allergies and parasitic disease is the: | Eosinophil |
| Which cell type can be identified by its dark, irregular, lobulated nucleus and its colorless or pale-pink cytoplasm? | Neutrophil |
| The cell with a rounded or slightly indented nucleus that almost completely fills the cell is the mature: | Lymphocyte |
| Feline eosinophils contain: | Rod-shaped granules |
| The largest WBC in the peripheral blood is the: | Monocyte |
| If a patient has a 70% neutrophils on the differential blood cell film and a WBC count of 12,000, what is the absolute number of neutrophils present per uL (microliter)? | 8400 |
| The primary function of _____ is phagocytosis. | Neutrophils |
| The morphology of canine erythrocytes is best described as: | Biconcave disc |
| The morphology of avian erythrocytes is best described as: | Nucleated |
| A platelet estimate that is performed with the use of a differential blood cell hilm requires the counting of platelets in a minimum of _____ microscopic fields. | 10 |
| Multiply the platelet estimate obtained by _____ to get the platelet estimate per uL of blood. | 20,000 |
| Which abnormality is characterized by grape-like clusters of RBC's that do not break up when the sample is diluted with saline? | Agglutination |
| Whic RBC abnormality is normally seen in healthy horses? | Rouleaux |
| Pale or bluish round areas attached to the RBC membrane that are caused by chemical- or drug-induced oxidative injury are called: | Heinz bodies |
| Which abnormality is caused by coin-like stacks of RBC's? | Rouleaux |
| Round basophilic nuclear remnants in the RBC's of animals with regenerative anemia are called: | Howell-Jolly bodies |
| Which of the following is a toxic change that may be observed in neutrophils? | Dohle bodies |
| The presence of basophilic macrocytes on a peripheral blood cell film usually indicates increased numbers of: | Reticulocytes |
| Cells with regular cytoplasmic projections around the periphery that give the cell the appearance of a scalloped border are: | Keratocytes |
| Small round or rod-shaped structures that are found as single organisms or pairs on the periphery of a RBC are: | Dohle bodies |
| The type of stain that is used to prepare a reticulocyte count smear is: | Supravital |
| If a reticulocyte smear from a car has 5 punctate reticulocytes and 15 aggregate reticulocytes per 1000 RBC's the the reticulocyte count is recorded as: | 1.5% |
| If a reticulocyte smear from a dog has 25 reticulocytes per 1000 RBC's, then the reticulocyte count is recorded as: | 2.5 % |
| If 200 reticulocytes are counted per 1000 RBC's and the total RBC count is 2.2x10^6/uL, then the absolute value of reticulocytes is: | 440,000 |
| If a canine patient has 10% reticulocytes and a PCV of 32%, then the corrected reticulocyte percentage is: | 7.1% |
| Corrected reticulocyte count | observed retic% x (observed PCV/normal PCV) normal PCV dogs: 45% & cats:35% |
| If a feline patient has 10% reticulocytes and a PCV of 32%, ther the corrected reticulocyte percentage is: | 9.1% |
| The calculation os the ratio of myeloid cells to erythroid cells in bone marrow requires the counting and classifying at least _____ nucleated cells. | 500 |
| A bone marrow sample from an adult animal that contains 80% fat is correctly described as: | Hypocellular |
| A bone marrow sample from a juvenile animal that contains 50% fat is correctly described as: | Hypocellular |
| The presence of hemosiderin in a bone marrow sample is evaluated with the use of _____ stain. | Prussian blue |
| The common term that is used to describe the presence of neoplastic blood cells in the bone marrow and the peripheral blood is: | Leukemia |
| Microcytic anemia is almost always the result of: | iron deficiency |
| Chronic bone marrow inflammation that is characterized by increased numbers of macrophages is described as: | Granulomatous |
| Chronic bone marrow inflammation that is characterized by increased numbers of macrophages and neutrophils is described as: | Pyogranulomatous |
| The classification of anemia according to _____ distinguishes between regenerative and nonregenerative anemia. | Bone marrow response. |
| When platelets are activated, they express _____ on their surface. | Phosphatidylserine |
| Tissue factor binds to _____ in the plasma to initiate the coagulation reaction. | Factor VII |
| _____ serves to stabilze the platelet plug. | von Willebrand factor |
| The formation of coagulation complexes results in the activation of: | Factor X |
| The breakdown of the clot involves interaction with | Tissue plasminogen activator |
| Which anticoagulant is preferred for platelet testing? | EDTA |
| The preferred anticoagulant for most plasma assays of coagulation is: | Sodium-citrate |
| The proper ratio of blood to citrate anticoagulant is: | 1:9 |
| The Coag Dx analyzer uses _____ technology to evaluate coagulation. | LED detector |
| The PFA 100 analyzer uses _____ technology to evaluate coagulation. | Collagen-coated membrane |
| The average size of the individual platelet is recorded as the: | Mean platelet volume |
| _____ is a measure of the percentage of the total blood volume that is comprised of platelets. | Plateletcrit (aka: thrombocrit) |
| Variability in the size of platelets is evaluated with the: | Platelet distribution width |
| A measure of the percentage of platelets that are larger than normal is: | Platelet-large cell ratio |
| Newly released platelets that contain high levels of RNA are referred to as: | Reticulated platelets |
| A coagulation test that uses a tube containing diatomaceous earth is: | ACT (activated clotting time) |
| A coagulation test that evaluates the extrinsic coagulation pathway is the: | PT (prothrombin time) |
| d-Dimer and FDP tests can be used to evaluate: | Tertiary hemostatis |
| The PIVKA test can be used to evaluate: | Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity |
| A primary assay for the evaluation of platelet number and function is the: | Buccal mucosa bleeding time |
| Which coagulation assay is a good screening test for rodenticide ingestion? | Prothrombin time |
| The most common inherited disorder of domestic animals is: | von Willebrand's disease |
| The correct term for the presence of pinpoint hemorrhage is: | Petechia |
| Patients with DIC often have evidence of _____ on the differential blood cell film. | Schistocytes |
| Hemophilia A is due to deficient or defective production of: | Factor VII |
| The most common coagulation disorder of domestic animals is: | Thrombocytopenia |
| The Vitamin-K-dependent coagulation factors are: | Factors: II, VII, IX, and X |
| The primary site for the production of coagulation factors is the: | Liver |
Created by:
kablabooe