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how do you find the average atomic mass? 62.9396 69.17% and 64.9278 and 30.83%
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7 fundamental SI metric units
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chemistry test 1
chemistry quiz 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how do you find the average atomic mass? 62.9396 69.17% and 64.9278 and 30.83% | (62.9396)(.6917)+(64.9278)(.3083) |
| 7 fundamental SI metric units | mass (Kg), length (m), time (s), temperature(K), amount(mol), luminousinty (Cd), electric current (amp) |
| if something has a mass of 85 kg on Earth, what does it have on mars? | 85 kg |
| weight = ? | mass X acceleration of gravity |
| mass is a constant of _________ present | matter |
| the only fundamental unit with prefix is the ________ | kilogram |
| 10^9 | Giga (G) |
| 10^12 | Tetra (T) |
| 10^;6 | micro |
| 10^-9 | nano |
| 10^-12 | pico |
| ___________ is used for blood measurements | deciliter |
| 10^-15 | phemto |
| 10^-18 | ato |
| 10^-21 | guaco |
| scientific measurements have _______ | units |
| when you have more significant figures, your measurement is more __________ | precise |
| all non-zero digits are _____________ | significant |
| zeros between 2 numbers are _____________ | significant |
| zeros to the right of the decimal and left of numbers are _________________ | not significant |
| trailing zeros to the right of a decimal are _____________ | significant |
| trailing zeros before the decimal place are ____________ | ambiguous |
| what are exact numbers? | you can actually count them (number of students in a class) or something like 1 km = 1000 m - not subject to sig figs, defined |
| calcuation based on measuremtns is only precise as its _________ precise measurements | least |
| when adding and subtracting sig figs, what do you want to do? | round to the number with the least amount of decimal places |
| what is temperature? | a measure of kinetic energy of particles in a substance due to heat energy |
| All matter can be classified as either a _______ or a _______ ________. Mixtures can be further classified as _______or _______. Pure substances can be further classified as ________ or __________. | mixture or a pure substance; heterogeneous or homogeneous; elements or compounds |
| Mixtures can be separated into their component parts through_______ means, whereas pure chemical substances require________ or_________ reactions to separate them | physical; chemical; nuclear |
| An automobile gasoline tank holds 22 kg of gasoline. When the gasoline burns, 86 kg of oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide and water are produced.What is the total combined mass of carbon dioxide and water that is produced? | 108 Kg |
| The __________________ states that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. | law of conservation of mass |
| Upon decomposition, one sample of magnesium fluoride produced 1.66 kg of magnesium and 2.57 kg of fluorine. A second sample produced 1.26 kg of magnesium.How much fluorine (in grams) did the second sample produce? | 1950 g |
| The____________________states that all samples of a given compound have the same proportions of their constituent elements. | law of definite proportions |
| look at dalton's atomic theory question 7 chapter 1 hw | |
| in reactions, atoms ________ but they do not change their___________. | rearrange; identities |
| If 8.06 g of magnesium oxide decomposes to form 4.86 g of magnesium, what mass of oxygen gas is also released in the reaction? | 3.20 grams |
| The_______ ______ (__) is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element.It is used to distinguish different elements from one another. | atomic number Z |
| The _____ ______ (__) is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of an element. Atoms that have the same atomic number but different these are called ________. | mass number A; isotopes |
| when writing out the chemical symbol, the _____ number goes on top and the ______ goes on the bottom, to the left of the chemical symbols | mass; atomic |
| An________ is the smallest unit of matter that has the same characteristics of the element it represents. | atom; |
| The building blocks for atoms have been discovered to be three different kinds of subatomic particles: what are they?. Different_________ of these subatomic particles lead to the formation of atoms of different elements, charges, and mass | protons, neutrons, and electrons; arrangements |
| the innermost shell can hold up to _____ electrons while the outermost can hold up to _________ electrons | 2; 8 |
| So what keeps these positively charged protons from repulsing each other since like charges are known to repel from one another? | First the presence of uncharged neutrons allows partial separation of the like-charged protons. Second, the presence of neutrons allows for a force known as the strong nuclear force. |
| an extremely powerful attractive force between nucleons (protons and neutrons) when they are at an ideal distance; its ability to attract nucleons together at this distance overwhelms the repulsive force of the like charges of the nucleus's protons. | strong nuclear force |
| The two isotopes of chlorine are 35/17Cl and 37/17Cl. Which isotope is the most abundant? | Since the atomic mass of chlorine, 35.45 amu, is closer to 35 than it is to 37, 35Cl must be the most abundant isotope. |
| look at mass spectrometry question 15 | |
| how would you solve this Rank the molecules (listed below along with the abundances of the individual atoms) by the height of their peaks in the mass spectrum for BrCl. | take the percentages of the elements in the compound and average them together. do this for each of the 4 possible combinations of the compound and see which is the largest to smallest number |
| Gallium is composed of two naturally occurring isotopes: Ga−69 (60.108%) and Ga−71. The ratio of the masses of the two isotopes is 1.0290. What is the mass of Ga−69? | 68.926 amu |
| How many milliliters of liquid does the smaller graduated cylinder contain? question 2 chapter 2 hw | 3.54 mL |
| An__________ property is independent of the amount of the sample. An__________ property varies with the amount of the sample. | intensive; extensive |
| Physical properties can be classified as either_________ properties or__________ properties | intensive; extensive |
| color, density, and temperature are _________ properties | intensive |
| volume and mass are examples of ________ properties | extensive |
| A scale used to weigh produce at a market has markings every 1 kg.; Which measurement for the mass of a dozen apples is correctly reported for this scale? 2.3 kg, 2.28 kg, 2 kg | 2.3 kg |
| You wash dishes for a chemistry laboratory to make extra money for laundry. You earn 12 dollars/hour, and each shift lasts 75 minutes. Your laundry requires 12 quarters/load. How many shifts must you work if you wish to wash 10 loads of laundry? | 2 |
| You wash dishes for a chemistry laboratory to make extra money for laundry. You earn 12 dollars/hour, and each shift lasts 75 minutes. Your laundry requires 12 quarters/load.How many loads of laundry can you wash if you work 3 shifts? | 15 |
| You earn 12 dollars/hour, and each shift lasts 75 minutes. Your laundry requires 12 quarters/load. How many loads of laundry will each shift pay for if the cost per load rises to 16 quarters? | 3 |
| A bakery measured the mass of a whole cake as 0.870 kg. A customer bought one slice of the cake and measured the mass of the slice as 0.1151 kg. What is the mass of the remaining cake, without the one slice? | .755 |
| An unknown object is placed on a balance, which then reads 6.118 g. Its volume is measured to be 3.04 cm3. Find the density of this object by dividing mass by volume. | 2.01 g/cm^3 |
| Compute 3.5×4.48697. Round the answer appropriately. sig figs | 16 |
| Compute 1240.64/12.5. Round the answer appropriately. | 99.3 |
| Compute 9.3456+2140.56. Round the answer appropriately. | 2149.91 |
| Compute 4.659×104−2.14×104. Round the answer appropriately. | 25200 |
| In Europe, gasoline efficiency is measured in km/L. If your car's gas mileage is 36.0 mi/gal , how many liters of gasoline would you need to buy to complete a 142-km trip in Europe? Use the following conversions: 1km=0.6214mi and 1gal=3.78L. | 9.27 L |
| While in Europe, if you drive 103 km per day, how much money would you spend on gas in one week if gas costs 1.10 euros per liter and your car's gas mileage is 32.0 mi/gal ? Assume that 1euro=1.26dollars. | 73.4 DOLLARS |
| A sprinter set a high school record in track and field, running 200.0 m in 21.5 s . What is the average speed of the sprinter in kilometers per hour? | 33.5 km/h |
| A specific brand of gourmet chocolate candy contains 7.00 g of dietary fat in each 22.7-g piece. How many kilograms of dietary fat are in a box containing 4.00 lb of candy? | .560 kg |
| 4.3×10−6 is between which two numbers? | 1 X 10^-6 and 1 X 10^-5 |
| problems 11 and 12 - unit conversion | |
| An infant ibuprofen suspension contains 100 mg/5.0 mL suspension. The recommended dose is 10 mg/kg body weight. How many milliliters of this suspension should be given to an infant weighing 22 lb ? (Assume two significant figures.) | 5 mL |
| reddish brown in color - extensive or intensive? | intensive |
| begins to melt at 1083.4 degrees Celsius - extensive or intensive? | intensive |
| has a density of 8.96 g/ml - extensive or intensive? | intensive |
| has a volume of 5.68 mL - extensive or intensive? | extensive |
| has a mass of 50.89 g - extensive or intensive? | extensive |
| You are given a sample resembling copper. Which of the following properties could be used to help determine whether the sample is really copper? check all that apply. a. density of sample b. melting pt of sample c. volume of sample | a and b |
| ,____________ properties are most useful for identifying unknown substances. | intensive |
| Note that two__________ properties such as mass and volume can combine to give an____________ property such as density. | extensive; intensive |
| After________ or ___________, the answer cannot have more significant figures than any of the original numbers. | multiplication or division |
| After________ or ____________, the answer cannot have more digits to the right of the decimal point than any of the original numbers. | addition or subtraction |
| When multiplying or dividing, the final answer is rounded to the same number of significant figures as the measured number with the__________ significant figures. | fewest |
| When adding or subtracting, the final answer is rounded to the same number of digits to the right of the decimal point as the measured number with the_________ digits to the right of the decimal point. | fewest |
| density= | mass/volume |
| density is considered a____________-dependent measurement since many substances’ volumes change along with it . | temperature; |
| why shouldn't density be confused with weight? | weight depends on a gravitational field, whereas density relies upon mass and volume alone |
| Since density can be seen as a simple ratio of mass per unit of volume, changing either parameter alone causes density to _______ or __________ | increase or decrease |
| decreasing the volume while keeping mass constant ________ density | increases |
| increasing the mass while keeping the volume constante _________ density | increases |
| increasing the volume while keeping the mass constant _________ density | decreases |
| decreasing the mass while keeping the volume constante ________ density | decreasees |
| dividing the mass and volume by the same factor _________ density | does not change |
| multiplying the mass and volume by the same factor _________ density | does not change density |
| A particular brand of gasoline has a density of 0.737 g/mL at 25 ∘C. How many grams of this gasoline would fill a 12.1 gal tank (1US gal=3.78L)? | 3.37 x 10^4 g |
| A block of metal has a width of 3.2 cm, a length of 17.1 cm, and height of 3.9 cm . Its mass is 1.2 kg . Calculate the density of the metal. | 5.6 g/cm^3 |
| density of water | 1 g/ mL |
| A titanium bicycle frame displaces 0.314 L of water and has a mass of 1.41 kg. What is the density of the titanium in g/cm3? | 4.49 g/cm^3 |
| Acetone (nail polish remover) has a density of 0.7857 g/cm3. What is the mass, in grams, of 28.70 mL of acetone? | m= 22.55 g |
| Acetone (nail polish remover) has a density of 0.7857 g/cm3. What is the volume, in milliliters, of 6.60 g of acetone? | V=8.40 mL |
| The average normal human body temperature is 98.6 ∘F.; What is normal body temperature in degrees Celsius? | 37.0 * C |
| The average normal human body temperature is 98.6 ∘F. What is normal body temperature in kelvins? | 310.2 K |
| Rank the size of a change in temperature of one degree Fahrenheit, one degree Celsius, and one kelvin. In other words, if a thermometer were to show that the temperature outside increased by these amounts, which change would feel the largest? | one celsius degree and one kelvin degree is the same; then smaller one fahrenheight degree |
| The proton has a radius of approximately 1.0×10−13 cm and a mass of 1.7×10−24g. Determine the density of a proton. For a sphere V=(4/3)πr3. | 4.1 x 10^14 g/cm^3 |
| The Toyota Prius, a hybrid electric vehicle, has an EPA gas mileage rating of 52 mi/gal in the city. How many kilometers can the Prius travel on 11 liters of gasoline? | 240 km |
| How many moles of atoms are in 3.00 g of 13C? | .231 mol (13)C |
| Based on your answer in Part A, calculate the number of atoms in this amount of 13C? | 1.39 x10^23 (13)C |
| Based on your answer in Part B, how many electrons are in this amount of 13C? | 8.34 x 10^23 electrons |
| Based on your answer in Part B, how many neutrons are in this amount of 13C? | 9.72 x 10^23 |
| Quartz, which contains one silicon atom and two oxygen atoms per formula unit, is the second-most-common mineral on Earth after feldspar. What is the chemical formula for quartz? | SiO(2) |
| Quartz, which contains one silicon atom and two oxygen atoms per formula unit, is the second-most-common mineral on Earth after feldspar. How many oxygen atoms are in 2.70 g of quartz? | 5.42x10^22 |
| Rolls of aluminum foil are 306 mm wide and 0.020 mm thick. What maximum length of aluminum foil can be made from 0.98 kg of aluminum?( d(aluminum)=2.70 g/cm3) | l=59 m |
| A pure titanium cube has an edge length of 2.71 in. How many titanium atoms does it contain? Titanium has a density of 4.50g/cm3. | N=1.85x10^25 atoms |
| Electromagnetic radiation behaves both as__________ (called_________) and as_______ | particles; photons; waves |
| Wavelength (λ) and frequency (ν) are related according to the equation | c=wavelength x frequency |
| c is the speed of light (___________m/s). | 3.00×10^8 |
| The energy (E in joules) contained in one quantum of electromagnetic radiation is described by the equation | E=h x v |
| Note that frequency has units of________ _________ (s−1), which are more commonly expressed as _________). | inverse seconds; hertz (Hz) |
| Every wave has a__________, which is the distance from peak to peak or trough to trough. it is usually measured in___________ | wavelength; meters |
| Every wave also has a _____________, which is the number of wavelengths that pass a certain point during a given period of time. | frequency |
| Frequency, given the symbol ν (lowercase Greek "nu"), is usually measured in _______ __________). __________, another unit of frequency, is equivalent to that measurement. | inverse seconds (s−1; Hertz (Hz) |
| The product of wavelength and frequency is the________ in ________. For light waves, the speed is___________ | speed; m/s); constant |
| Another term for "light" is _________ __________, which encompasses not only visible light but also gamma rays, X-rays, UV rays, infrared rays, microwaves, and radio waves | electromagnetic radiation |
| _________rays have the greatest energy, whereas________ waves have the least energy | Gamma; radio |
| energy is measured in _________ | joules |
| EM radiation has________-like characteristics, which are periodic oscillations with a fixed distance between peaks (wavelength, λ) and a consistent number of cycles per second (frequency, ν) | wave |
| The interactions between matter and light are quantized in nature, which means specific_______, rather than a continuous gradient, of EM radiation are absorbed and emitted by_______ | packets; atoms |
| The phenomenon known as_________ radiation is the temperature-dependent emission of EM radiation | blackbody |
| look at #3 blackbody radiation on homework ch 3 | |
| The spectrum in the PhET simulation highlights the visible region, which occurs at wavelengths between _______ and _________ nm. | 400 and 750 |
| Even though the other regions are not visible, they all play very important roles in our lives, such as their use in wireless communication, cooking, medicine, etc. T | |
| Light and the colors of light are how our eyes perceive those_________ of EM radiation | wavelengths |
| The ranges just outside of the visible region derive their names in relation to the___________ of that radiation | energy |
| __________is the rate at which energy is transferred (1 W = 1 Js), and ______ ______ is the amount of power per unit volume. | Power; power density |
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