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Chemistry ll
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mole | the quantity of anything that has the same number of particles found in 12.000 grams of carbon-12. |
| Electron configuration | the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. |
| Excited state | any quantum state of the system that has a higher energy than the ground state |
| Photon | an elementary particle, the quantum of all forms of electromagnetic radiation including light. |
| Electron affinity | the change in energy (in kJ/mole) of a neutral atom (in the gaseous phase) when an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion. In other words, the neutral atom's likelihood of gaining an electron. |
| Ionization energy | the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron, the valence electron, of an isolated gaseous atom to form a cation. |
| Avogadro's number | 6.0221409e+23 |
| Pauli exclusion principle | two identical fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state simultaneously. |
| Orbit | a mathematical expression, called a wave function, that describes properties characteristic of no more than two electrons in the vicinity of an atomic nucleus or of a system of nuclei as in a molecule. |
| Electronegativity | a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | electromagnetic radiation is classified by wavelength into radio wave, microwave, terahertz (or sub-millimeter) radiation, infrared, the visible region that is perceived as light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. |
| Ground state | the lowest energy state of an atom or other particle. |
| Hund's rule | every orbital in a sub-shell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin. |
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