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Basic Statistics
Basic Statistics Defintions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ratio | A fraction that divides two quantities. |
| Rate | A ratio that reflects soem quantity per a certain unit. |
| Percentage | A number between 0 and 100 that reflects a proportion of the whole. |
| Response Rate | The number of respondents divided by the number of surveys sent out. |
| Statistics | The entire process involved in gathering evidence to answer questions about the world, in cases where that evidence is numerical data. |
| Population | Group of individuals that one wishes to study in order to answer a research question. |
| Sample | A small number of individuals selected from the population that are studied and that information is used to draw conclusions about the whole population. |
| Random Sample | Every member of the population is given an equal chance of being selelcted. |
| Bias | Systematic favoritism that is present in the data collection process resulting inmisleading results. |
| Data | Actual measurements that are gained through a study; either numerical or categorical. |
| Numerical Data | Data that has meaning as a measurement; also known as quantitative data. |
| Categorical Data | Data that represents characteristics; also known as qualitative data. |
| Data Set | The collection of data taken from a sample. |
| Statistic | A number that summarizes the data collected from a sample. |
| Census | Data collected from the entire population. |
| Parameter | A single number that summarizes all the of the census information. |
| Mean (average) | The sum of all of the numbers divided by the total number of numbers. |
| Outliers | very large or very small values in the data set that are not typical. |
| Median | The point at which there are an equal number of data points whose values lie above and below the median value. |
| Standard Deviation | The average distance from the mean. |
| Percentile | The percentage of values in the data set that fall below the certain score. |
| Relative Standing | How an individual data value compares to the rest of the group. |
| Standard Score | The number of standard deviations above or below the mean. |
| Bell-Shaped Curve | The most common type of data distribution in which most of the data is centered around the average in a big group. |
| Normal Distribution | Describes the data that follow a bell-shaped pattern. |
| Experiment | A study that imposes a certain amount of control on the study's subjects and theri enviroment. |
| Survey | A measurement tool that is most often used to gather people's opinions. |
| Margin of Error | Measures the maximum amount by which the sample results are expected to differ from those of the actual population. |
| Probability | Measurement of likelihood of an event happening. |
| Hypothesis Test | Statistical procedure in which daya are collected and measured against a claim about a population. |
| Correlation | Two numerical variables have a linear relationship. |
Created by:
divinefury
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