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CHEM: Matter Ch2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that has mass and volume; it occupies space |
| atom | the smallest unit of an element |
| compound | a substance made of two or more different elements chemically combined at a specific ratio |
| molecule | two or more atoms bonded together that act as a unit |
| element | a substance composed of atoms with the same atomic number |
| solid | phase of matter with definite shape and definite volume |
| liquid | phase of matter with definite volume but no definite shape (takes shape of container) |
| gas | phase of matter with no definite shape and no definite volume |
| STM | Scanning Tunneling Microscope |
| pure substance | a type of matter with the same composition and properties throughout; elements and compounds are pure substances |
| allotrope | two or more different forms of the same element that have different formulas, structures, and properties |
| physical properties | characteristics of a substance that can be observed and measured without changing the chemical composition of the substance |
| chemical properties | characteristics of a substance based on its interaction with another substance |
| physical change | change that does not affect the composition of a substance |
| chemical change | changes the composition matter during a chemical reaction |
| mixture | a physical (not chemical) combination of two or more substances |
| alloys | a homogeneous mixture of a metal with another element (often another metal) |
| homogeneous mixture | a mixture that is uniformly and evenly mixed |
| heterogeneous mixture | a mixture that has different properties in different areas of the substance: not uniformly and not evenly mixed |
| distillation | a method of separating the components of a liquid mixture that depends on different boiling points of the substances |
| filtration | a method of separating the components of a mixture containing a solid and a liquid |