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Abdomen Ch. 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the 2 large muscles found in the posterior abdomen adjacent to the lumbar vertebra and usually visible on an anteroposterior radiograph are called the | psaos muscles |
| gastro- | stomach |
| list the 3 parts of the small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| which portion of the small intestine is considered to be the longest? | ileum |
| the large intestine begins in the ___ with a saclike area called the _____. | RLQ, cecum |
| the sigmoid colon is located between the _____ & ______ of the large intestine. | descending colon & rectum |
| which one of the following organs is considered to be part of the lymphatic system? liver, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder | spleen |
| list the 3 accessory digestive organs | pancreas, liver, gallbladder |
| the pancreas is located anteriorly or posteriorly to the stomach? | posteriorly |
| which one of the following organs is not directly associated with the digestive system? gallbladder, spleen, jejunum, pancreas | spleen |
| why is the right kidney found in a more inferior portion than the left kidney? | presence of liver on the right |
| which endocrine glands are superomedial to each kidney? | suprarenals |
| the double walled membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity is called the? | peritoneum |
| the organs located posteriorly to, or behind, the serous membrane lining of the abdominopelvic cavity are referred to as | retroperitoneal |
| which one of the following structures helps stabilize and support the small intestine? omentum, peritoneum, viscera, mesentery | mesentery |
| what is a double fold of peritoneum that connects the transvers colon to the greater curvature of the stomach? | greater omentum |
| True or False. The correct term for the radiographic study of the urinary system is intravenous pyelogram? | False |
| the iliac crest is at the level of the ______vertebra | interspace between L4-L5 |
| Which topographic landmark is found at the level of L2-L3? | inferior constal margin |
| which topographic landmark corresponds to the inferior margin of the abdomen and is formed by the anterior junction of the two pelvic bones? | Symphysis pubis |
| what are the 2 causes of voluntary motion? | patient breathing and patient movement during exposure |
| voluntary motion can best be prevented by____ to the patient | careful breathing instructions |
| what is the primary cause for involuntary motion of the abdomen? | peristaltic action of the bowel |
| the double walled membrane lining the abdominal cavity is called the | peritoneum |
| which of the following soft tissue structures are seen on a properly exposed KUB: spleen, pancreas, psoas muscles, stomach | psoas muscles |
| the first portion of the small intestines is called the | duodenum |
| at the junction of the small and large intestine is the | ileocecal valae |
| which one of the following is not an accessory organ for digestion? | kidney |
| the kidneys are connected to the bladder by the way of the | ureter |
| Which structure stores and releases bile? | gallbladder |
| which one of the following structures connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall? | mesentery |
| which region of the abdomen contains the spleen? | left hypochondriac |
| the xiphoid process corresponds with which vertebral level? | T9-T10 |
| To identify the inferior margin of the abdomen, the technologist can palpate the symphysis pubis or | greater trochanter |
| which of the following factors best controls the involuntary motion of a young, pediatric patient during abdominal radiography? short exposure time, High Kv, clear breathing instructions, use of compression band across abdomen | short exposure time |
| an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity is called the? | ascites |
| the telescoping of bowl into another loop is called | paralytic ileus |
| a chronic disease involving inflammation of the large intestine is | ulcerative colitis |
| free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity is | pneumoperitoneum |
| which one of the following conditions is demonstrated radiographically as general abdominal haziness? | ascites |
| which one of the following conditions is demonstrated radiographically as distended, air-filled loops of the small bowel?m | ileus |
| free air in the intraabdominal cavity rises to the level of the ____in a patient who is in the erect position. | diaphragm |
| most abdominal projections are taken | upon expiration |
| a radiograph of an AP projection of the abdomen reveals that the right iliac wing is wider than the left. What type of positioning error was involved? | rotation toward the right |
| what is the minimum amount of time a patient should be upright before taking a projection to demonstrate intra abdominal free air | 5 minutes |
| a patient with a possible perforated bowel caused by trauma enters the ER. The patient is unable to stand. Which projection best demonstrates any possible free air within the abdomen? | left lateral decubitus |
| A patient with a possible ileus enters the emergency room. The physician orders an acute abdominal series. The patient can stand. Which specific postion best demonstrates air/fluid level in the abdomen? | AP erect abdomen |
| which specific decubitus position of the abdomen should be used in an acute abdomen series if the patient cannot stand? | left lateral decubitus |
| if the posteroanterior chest projection is not performed for the acute abdomen series, centering for the erect abdomen projection must include the | diaphragm |
| True or False. The correct term for the radiographic study of the urinary system is intravenous pyelogram. | False |
| What is the correct name for the abdominal region found directly in the middle of the abdomen? | umbilical |
| which abdominal region contains the rectum? | pubic |
| which topographic landmark is found at the level of L2-L3? | inferior costal margin |
| the iliac crest is at the level of the ______ vertebra. | interspace between L4-L5 |
| what is the primary cause for involuntary motion in the abdomen? | peristaltic action of the bowel |
| what is the best mechanism to control involuntary motion? | use shortest exposure time possible |
| True or False. For an adult abdomen, a collimation margin must be visible on all four sides of the radiograph | false |
| gonadal shielding should not be used during abdomen radiography if | it obscures essential anatomy. |
| gonadal shielding for ____ may be impossible for studies of the lower abdominopelvic region. | females, because it covers essential anatomy |
| the preferred imaging modality for examining the gallbladder quickly is: | ultrasound |
| _________ is being used to evaluate patients with acute appendicitis. | Ultrasound |
| With the use of iodinated contrast media, ____ is able to distinguish between a simple cyst or tumor of the liver. | CT |
| True or False. A radiolucent pad should be placed under geriatric patients for comfort. | True |
| Gonadal shielding for females involves placing the top of the shield at or slightly above the level of the ____ with the bottom at the ____. | ASIS's, symphysis pubis |
| free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity | pneumoperitoneum |
| inflammatory condition of the colon | ulcerative colitis |
| telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop of bowel | intussusception |
| abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity | ascites |
| bowel obstruction caused by a lack of intestinal peristalsis | adynamic ileus |
| a twisting of a loop of bowel creating an obstruction | volvulus |
| chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall that may result in bowel obstruction | Crohn's Disease |
| the central ray is centered to the level of the _____ for a supine AP projection of the abdomen | iliac crest |
| exposure for an AP projection of the abdomen should be taken on _____. | expiration |
| which type of body habitus may require two crosswise images to be taken if the entire abdomen is to be included? | hypersthenic body type |
| why is it recommended to take abdominal radiographs at the end of patient expiration? | to increase the room for expansion of the abdominal organs within the abdominal cavity |
| T or F: it is always acceptable during KUB imaging practice to indicate the side of the body with a digital marker | False |
| distended loops of air filled small intestine | Crohn's Disease |
| air filled "coiled spring" appearance | intussusception |
| general abdominal haziness | ascites |
| thin crest shaped radiolucency underneath diaphragm | pneumoperitoneum |
| deep air filled mucosal protrusions of colon wall | ulcerative colitis |
| large amount of air trapped in sigmoid colon with a tapered narrowing at the site of obstruction | volvulus |
| which one of the following abdominal structures is not visible on a properly exposed KUB? Kidneys, margin of liver processes, pancreas, lumbar transverse processes | pancreas |
| which projection of the three way acute abdominal series best demonstrates free air under the diaphragm? | PA Chest |
| which positioning routine should be used for an acute abdominal series if the patient is too ill to stand? | two way abdomen: AP spine abdomen, and left lateral decubitus |
| which decubitus postion best demonstrates a possible aortic aneurysm, calcifications of the aorta, or umbilical hernias? | dorsal decubitus |
| which projection best demonstrates a possible aortic aneurysm in the prevertebral region of the abdomen? | lateral position |
| list the projections commonly performed for an acute abdominal series or three way abdomen series: | AP supine, AP erect or later decubitus abdomen, PA erect chest |
| why should a patient be placed in the decubitus position for a minimum of 5 minutes before exposure? | to allow intraabdominal air to rise or abnormal fluids to accumulate. |
| which decubitus postion of the abdomen best demonstrate intraperitoneal air in the abdomen | left lateral decubitus |
| why may the PA projection of a KUB generally be less desirable than an AP projection | increased OID of kidneys on PA |
| what scale of contrast is recommended for visualization of the abdominal structures on an abdominal xray? | long scale |
| an important landmark that is commonly used to locate the center of the abdomen is the: | iliac crest |
| another term describing a nonmechanical bowel obstruction is | |
| what does the term pyelo refer to | renal pelvis of kidney |
| another term for greater omentum | "fatty apron" |
| what is CR location for a left lateral decubitus | 2 inches above the iliac crest |
| which position will best demonstrate an abdominal aortic aneurysm | lateral position of the abdomen |
| how do you tell rotation on a KUB by using the iliac wings? | rotation in that direction indicates the rotation |
| what pathologies can be demonstrated with a dorsal decubitus position? | calcification of aorta or other vessels, umbilical hernia, and aneurysms |
| why is a PA less desirable than a AP KUB? | INCREASED OID DISTANCE |
| clinical indications for an acute abdominal series | ileus, ascites, perforated hollow viscus, intra abdominal mass, postoperative |
| what is the most commonly used abdominal landmark | iliac crest |
Created by:
jadenbolin43