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matter and change
unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| matter is described using properties that are | extensive or intensive |
| extensive properties | property that depends on the amount ex. volume |
| intensive properties | property that doesn't depend on amount ex. density |
| all matter can be divided into | substances and mixtures |
| substance | uniform and definite composition |
| substances can be classified as | elements or compounds |
| element | simplest form of matter with unique set of properties |
| compound | 2 or more elements chemically combined in fixed ratios |
| mixture | physical blend of 2+ compounds |
| heterogenous mixture | composition not same ex. chicken noodle soup |
| homogenous mixture | aka solution; composition same throughout ex. alloys and salt |
| mixtures can be seperated | physically |
| filtration | solid from liquid |
| distillation | liquid from liquid or solid |
| physical property | doesnt change nature of sample |
| physical change | composition of material doesn't change |
| physical changes don't involve | chemical reactions |
| in physical changes there is no breaking or forming | chemical bonds |
| chemical property | ability of a substance to undergo chemical reaction |
| chemical change | composition of matter will always change |
| signs of chemical change | transfer of energy, color change, gas production, formation of precipitate |
| law of conservation of mass | mass isn't created or destroyed only transformed |
| all states of matter changes are | physical |
| intermolecular forces | forces BETWEEN individual molecules; strong by numbers, contribute to physical changes |
| intramolecular forces | forces WITHIN a specific individual molecule, very strong by themselves, contributes to chemical changes |
| states of matter | solid, liquid, gas, plasma |
| solid | definite shape, definite volume, incompressable, partcles tighly packed- ordered, vibrations (not fluid) |
| liquid | indefinite shape, definite volume, incompressable, particles in contact but disorderky packed, particles flow (fluid) |
| gas | indefinite shape, indefinite volume, highly compressable, particles far apart, little contact, collision, particles flow (fluid) |
| gas particles | lots of space between, rapid motion, exerts pressure=billions of collisions, spontaneously expands |
| earth is __% nitrogen | 78% |
| earth is __% oxygen | 20% |
| earth is __% water | 1% |
| endothermic | requires heat |
| exothermic | releases heat |
| melting | solid to liquid, endothermic, particles have enough energy to begin to flow, melting point- temp when liquid forms |
| freezing | liquid to solid, exothermic, particles lose energy and slow down, freezing point temp when solid forms |
| boiling | liquid to gas, endothermic, particles have enough energy to break away, boiling point temp when gas forms |
| condensation | gas to liquid, exothermic, particles stick together, same as boiling pt |
| sublimation | solid to gas, endothermic, no liquied stage ex. dry ice |
| deposition | gas to solid, no liquid stage, exothermic ex. snowing |
Created by:
carolineeasley
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