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Health Assessment
Chapter 12 tables
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anemia and shock | pallor; light skin- generalized pallor; dark skin- dull, yellow-brown or ashen gray, check conjunctiva and mucous membranes |
| local arterial insufficiency | pallor; light skin- localized pallor in lower extremities especially when elavated; dark skin- ashen gray, dull, cool to palpation |
| ablinism | pallor; light skin- whitish pink; dark skin- tan, cream or white |
| vitiligo | pallor; light and dark skin- patchy milky-white spots, often symmetric bilaterally |
| cyanosis (chronic heart and lung disease) | light skin- dusky blue; dark skin- dark but dull, lifeless, only severe is apparent in skin, check conjunctivae, oral mucosa, and nail bed |
| cyanosis (peripheral from exposure to cold) | light skin- nail beds are dusky |
| hyperemia | erythema; light skin- red, bright pink; dark skin- purplish tinge difficult to see, palpate for increased warmth with inflammation, taut skin, and hardening of deep tissues |
| polycythemia | erythema; light skin- ruddy blue in face, oral mucosa, conjunctiva, hands, and feet; dark skin- check for redness in lips |
| carbon monoxide poisoning | erythema; light skin- bright cherry red in face and upper torso; dark skin- cherry red in nail beds, lips, and oral mucosa |
| venous stasis | erythema; light skin- dusky rubor of dependent extremeties, a prelude to necrosis with pressure sore; dark skin- use palpation for warmth or edema |
| jaundice | light skin- yellow in sclera, hard palate, mucous membranes, then over skin; dark skin- yellow in sclera near limbus, best noted in junction of hard and soft palate and palms |
| carotenemia | light skin- yellow-orange in forehead, palms, and soles, nasolabial folds; dark skin- yellow-orange tinge in palms and soles |
| addison disease | brown-tan; light skin- bronzed appearance, "eternal tan," around nipples, perineum, genitalia, and pressure points (inner thighs, buttocks, elbow, axillae); dark skin- rely on lab and clinical findings |
| cafe au lait | light skin- tan to light brown, irregularly shped, oval patch with well-defined borders |
| ABCDE of freckles and moles | assemtry, border, color, diameter (larger than a pencil eraser), elevation |
| what causes unilateral edema? | trauma to extremities or removal of lymph nodes |
| bilateral edema is caused by what? | liver, kidney, or heart failure |
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