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Patho Ch 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adrenergic | related to the sympathetic nervous systemtransmitters, norepinephrine (noradrenalin)and epinephrine (adrenalin) |
| anastomosis | communication between two tubular organs |
| angioplasty | repair of a blood vessel |
| auscultation | listening for sounds, perhaps with a stethescope |
| autoregulation | automatic regulation or reflex control of blood flow in an area depending on local needs |
| baroreceptors | a sensory nerve that is stimulated by changes in pressure |
| bradycardia | abnormally slow heart rate |
| cardiomegaly | a heart that is larger than normal size |
| depolarization | the reduction of a membrane's resting potential so that it becomes less negative |
| ectopic | away from the normal position, displaced |
| electrodes | Tiny wires in adhesive pads that are applied to the body for ECG measurement |
| endarterectomy | removal of the intima and any obstructive material within an artery |
| hemoptysis | frothy sputum containing streaks of blood, usually bright red; spitting up blood |
| microcirculation | blood flow in the very small blood vessels and capilaries |
| murmurs | an abnormal sound heard in the heart; caused by a defective valve or opening in the heart |
| orthopnea | difficult or labored breathing while recumbent that is usually relieved by upright position |
| sulcus | a groove or furrow |
| syncope | fainting; temporary loss of consciousness |
| synergistic | a combination of substances or agents that produce an effect that is greater than expected |
| tachycardia | excessively rapid heart beat |
| aschoff bodies | localized lesions in the heart muscle that may interfere with conduction |
| troponins | a complex of muscle proteins that inhibits contractions |
| verrucae | a wart |
| Coronary artery disease, ischeic heart disease, acute coronary syndrome | One of several diseases of the vessels that include angina pectoris temporary Cardiac schemium or mile cardial infarction |
| Arteriosclerosis | Degenerative changes in small arteries and arterioles. more common in those over 50 or those with diabetes |
| Atherosclerosis | Presence of athroma's or plaques consisting of lipid's, cell debris, often will often with attached attached thrombi which form inside walls of vessels |
| Angina pectoris | Chest pain resulting from a deficit of oxygen to the heart muscle |
| Myocardial infarction | Death of myocardial tissue due to ischemia |
| Dyshythmia or arrhythmia | Deviations from normal cardiac rate and rhythm and reduce efficiency of heart pumping |
| Congestive heart failure | When the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body |
| Left sided congestive heart failure | Congestive heart failure which causes left side of the heart to fail 1st causing decreased cardiac output |
| Right sided congestive heart failure | Congestive heart failure which causes the right side of the heart fail 1st causing decreased cardiac output |
| Congenital heart defects | Structural defects of the heart the develop in the 1st 8 weeks of embryonic life |
| Rheumatic heart disease | Acute systemic inflammatory condition occurring a few weeks after an untreated strep infection involving heart joints and skin |
| Infective endocarditis | Infectious process where a circulating infection attaches to the endocardium and invades the heart valves |
| Pericarditis | Inflammation of the pericardium that may cause effusion that could compress the heart |
| Hypertension | When blood pressure is consistently above 140/90 |
| Shock | Hypotension resulting from decreased circulatory fluid volume causing in decreased profusion and hypoxia |
| Peripheral vein disease | Any abnormalities in arteries or veins outside of the heart |
| Aortic aneurism | Localized dilation and weakening of an arterial wall |
| Cardiac output | Dependent on stroke volume times heart rate |
| Coronary artery disease | caused by multifactoral conditions such as atherosclerosis, diet, smoking, age and diabetes |
| arteriosclerosis | caused by age and diabetes |
| atherosclerosis | caused by age, gender, genetics, obesity, smoking, lifestyle, diabetes, hypertension and use of oral contraceptives |
| angina pectoris | cause associated with atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, vasospasm, myocardial hypertrophy or anemia |
| myocardial infarction | caused by atherosclerosis with attached thrombi |
| dysrythmias | caused by damage to the conductive system, electrolyte imbalances, fever, hypoxia, stress, infection or drug toxicity |
| congestive heart failure | caused by infection, valve defect, hypertension or lung disease |
| Left side heart failure | caused by infarction of the left ventricle, aortic valve stenosis, hypertension or hyperthyroidism |
| Right side heart failure | caused by infarction of the right ventricle, pulmonary valve stenosis, or pulmonary disease |
| congenital heart defects | caused by a combination of genetic and environmental influences |
| rheumatic heart disease | caused by an abnormal immune reaction inside the heart after a group A beta hemolytic step infection |
| infective endocarditis | caused by presence or abnormal tissues inside the heart, presence of abnormal microbes in the blood and decreased host resistence |
| pericarditis | can be caused secondary to open heart surgery, MI, rheumatic fever, lupus, cancer or renal failure |
| hypertension | cause can be idiopathic or secondary to kidney disease or endocrine disease |
| shock | can be caused by blood loss, decreased heart pumping capability, vasodilation, sepsis or anaphylaxis |
| peripheral vascular disease | caused by atheromas in the peripheral circulation |
| aortic aneurysm | can be caused by atherosclerosis, trauma, infections or congenital defects |
| Angina pectoris | Symptoms include recurrent brief episodes of substernal chest pain, power, diaphresis, and nausea |
| Myocardial infarction | Symptoms include substernal chest pain that radiates to the left arm, shoulder or jaw. Severe steady crushing pain with pallor, diaphoresis and nausea |
| Disrhythmias or arhythmias | Abnormalities on the EKG |
| Congestive heart failure | Forward effects include fatigue, weakness, dyspnea, exercise and tolerance and cold intolerance |
| Left sided heart failure | Backup effects include orthopnea, cough, white or pink tinged phlem, and shortness of breath |
| Right sided heart failure | Symptoms include dependent Edema, hepatomegaly, spleenomegaly, ascities, and descended neck veins and headache |
| Cogenital heart defects | Symptoms can include murmurs, pallor, cyanosis, tachacardia, tachypnia, Dyspnea on exertion, Squatting position, club fingers, and delayed growth and development |
| Rheumatic heart disease | Symptoms include low grade fever, leukocytosis, malaise, anorexia, fatigue, tachycardia and heart murmurs |
| infective endocarditis | Symptoms include an insidious onset with low grade fever, fatigue, anorexia, spleenomagley, osler nodes and Heart valve damage |
| Pericarditis | Symptoms include tachycardia, chest pain, Dyspnea, cough, EKG changes, friction rub, effusion and cardiac tamponade |
| Hypertension | Symptoms are frequently asymptomatic or possible fatigue, malaise commalaise, morning headache and a consistently elevated blood pressure |
| Shock | Symptoms include agitation, restlessness, hypotension, cool pale moist skin, tachycardia and oliguria |
| Peripheral vascular disease | Symptoms include fatigue, weakness in the legs, intermittent claudication, Paresthesias , weak peripheral pulses and extremities are cyantic and toenails are thick and the feet are cold |
| Aortic aneurysm | Frequently a symptomatic unless they are large or they rupture |
Created by:
boringjen