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Patho Ch 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anabolic steroids | Anabolic steroids are synthetic male sex hormones and tend to cause VIRILIZATION. The risks are considerable |
| ankylosis | fixation or immobility at a joint |
| arthroscopy | examination and possible treatment of a joint through insertion of a small instrument |
| articulation | A movable joint between inflexible parts of the body |
| crepitus | the noise heard when the ends of a broken bone rub together or when fluid is present in the lung |
| diaphysis` | the portion of a long bone between the ends |
| electromyograms | A graphic representation of the electric currents associated with muscular action |
| endosteum | A layer of cells lining the inner surface of bone in the central medullary cavity |
| epiphysius | the end of a long bone, usually wider than the shaft, and either entirely cartilaginous or separated from the shaft by a cartilaginous disk |
| fascia | a sheet of fibrous connective tissue seperating and supporting muscle |
| hyperuricemia | excessive uric acid in the blood |
| kyphosis | increased convex curvature of the spine in the thoracic region; hunch back |
| lordosis | exaggerated concave curvature of the lumbar region of the spine |
| medullary cavity | the cavity that contains bone marrow in the diaphysis of a long bone |
| metaphysis | the wider part at the end of the shaft of a long bone, adjacent to the epiphyseal disk |
| motor unit | a functional structure consisting of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates |
| neuromuscular junction | the site of junction of a motor nerve fiber and a skeletal muscle fiber that it innervates |
| osteoblasts | Cells in the body that build new bone tissue |
| osteoclasts | Bone cells that break down and remove bone tissue |
| osteocytes | Bone cells that maintain bone tissue |
| periosteum | a specialized connective tissue covering all bones of the body, and possessing bone-forming potentialities. Periosteum also serves as a point of attachment for certain muscles. |
| pseudohypertrophic | abnormal enlargement of tissue or organ due to excessive fat and fibrous tissue |
| scoliosis | a lateral (side-to-side) curve in the spine, usually combined with a rotation of the vertebrae |
| uveitis | inflammatiion of the uveal tract of the eye (iris, ciliary body and choroid) |
| osteoporosis | metabolic bone disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and density |
| factors affecting healing of bone | amount of local damage, approximation of bone ends, nutritional deficits, infection, use of glucocorticoids, age, circulation, anemia, diabetes |
| osteoporosis | common metabolic bone disorder when bone resorption exceeds bone turnover |
| ricketts | bone deformity in children resulting from deficient vitamin D and phosphate |
| osteomalacia | bone disorder in adults resulting from poor absorption of vitamin D or calcium |
| paget disease | progressive bone disease in adults characterized by excessive bone destruction and replacement by fibrous tissue |
| osteomyelitis | bone infection by bacteria or sometimes fungi |
| muscular dystrophy | group of inherited disorders that cause degeneration of muscle and replaced by fat or connective tissue |
| fibromyalgia | pain and stiffness in muscles and soft tissues related to altered central nerve transmission and increased sensitivity to substance P |
| osteoarthritis | degenerative joint disease affecting articular cartilage and bone of the joint |
| rheumatoid arthritis | autoimmune disorder causing chronic inflammatory disease of joints and other tissues |
| infectious (septic) arthritis | infection of a joint |
| gouty arthritis | joint disease resulting from uric acid and uric crystals within the joint |
| ankylosing spondylitis | chronic progressive inflammatory condition affecting sacroilliac joints intervertebral spaces and costovertebral joints |
| compartment syndrome | complication of bone healing that may result when extensive inflammation causes increased fluid within the fascia |
| fat emboli | when fatty marrow from pelvis or long bone becomes and embolism and travels to the lungs |
| osteoporosis | usually caused by post menopausal or senile hormonal changes |
| rickets | caused by deficient vitamin D and phosphate required for bone formation in childhood |
| osteomalacia | caused by deficient vitamin D and phosphate required for bone formation in adults |
| paget disease | cause has not been determined |
| osteomyelitis | caused by bone infection, sometimes after surgery or sepsis |
| muscular dystrophy | caused by an inherited disorder |
| fibromyalgia | cause is unknown but possible alteration in central neural transmission |
| osteoarthritis | wear and tear on a joint |
| rheumatoid arthritis | caused by an autoimmune disorder |
| Infectious (septic arthritis) | caused by an infection of the joint, often blood borne or from lyme disease spread by ticks |
| gouty arthritis | caused by deposits of uric acid crystals inside the joint from a metabolic disorder |
| ankylosing spondylitis | cause not fully determined but may be autoimmune with a genetic basis |
| compartment syndrome | caused by inflammation inside of the fascia or by a tight cast |
| fat emboli | caused by break in a long bone and an embolus travels to the lungs or the brain |
| Osteoporosis | Symptoms include compression fractures of the vertebra, back pain, scoliosis, kyphosis, loss of height and spontaneous fractures |
| Rickets | Symptoms include bowing of the legs and abnormal height in children |
| Osteomalacia | Symptoms include softening of bones and compression fractures in adults not associated with age or hormones |
| Paget disease | Symptoms include structural abnormalities evident on X-ray, possible headaches, enlargement and thickening of bone, pathological fractures and cardiovascular disease |
| Osteomyelitis | Symptoms include local inflammation and bone pain, fever, sweating, chills and malaise |
| Muscular dystrophy | Symptoms include motor weakness, waddling gate, gower maneuver, decreased tendon reflexes, and respiratory insufficiency |
| Fibromyalgia | Symptoms include generalized aching, fatigue, sleep disturbances and depression |
| Osteo arthritis | Symptoms include insidious onset of pain initially and occurs with weight bearing and movement and becomes more severe with advanced degeneration |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Symptoms include synovitis, Pannus formation, cartilage erosion, fibrosis, ankylosis ,fatigue and malaise |
| Infectious arthritis | Symptoms include synovitis in a single joint with pure length exudate |
| Gouty arthritis | Symptoms include pain in a single joint often affecting the great toe |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | Symptoms include lower back pain, morning stiffness, pain that may radiate to the legs, and calcification of the spine |
| Compartment syndrome | Symptoms include severe pain and eschemia or necrosis of the muscle tissue |
| Fat emboli | Symptoms include behavioral changes, confusion, disorientation or respiratory distress with severe hypoxia |
Created by:
boringjen