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Patho Ch 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| antiseptics | reduces the number of microorganisms on the skin |
| autoclaving | an appliance to sterilize instruments or materials with steam at high pressure and temperature |
| culture | growth of microorganisms on a specific nutritious medium in a laboratory |
| disinfectants | a chemical that may destroy or inhibit the growth or reproduction of microorganisms |
| endemic | a disease that is always present in a specific region |
| epidemics | a disease occurring in higher numbers than usual in a population within a given time period |
| fimbriae | a hair like projection on some bacteria |
| infection | invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues |
| leukocytosis | an above normal level of leukocytes (WBC's ) in the blood |
| leukopenia | a decreased number of leukocytes in the blood |
| lymphadenopathy | a disease affecting the lymph nodes |
| monocytosis | An abnormal increase in the number of monocytes in the circulating blood |
| mutation | a change in the genetic makeup of a cell that will be inherited |
| neutropenia | a deficit of neutrophils in the blood |
| nosocomial | an infection acquired while hospitalized |
| obligate | necessary |
| parasite | an organism that lives on or in another organism |
| pathogens | a disease-causing organism |
| pili | hair like appendages on some bacteria for adhesion to tissue and for transfer of DNA |
| prions | an infectious, abnormal protein molecule |
| prosthetic | an artificial replacement for a body part |
| seizures | sudden, involuntary movement with loss of awareness, caused by uncontrolled neuronal discharge in the brain |
| septicemia | systemic infection arising from bacterial toxins in the circulating blood or bacteria reproducing and spreading through the circulating blood |
| sterilization | he process of destroying all microorganisms and their pathogenic products |
| toxins | a substance that can harm the body or interfere with it's function |
| unicellular | made up of a single cell |
| algae | eukaryotic organisms common to fresh or salt waters |
| endospore | latent form that certain types of bacteria under adverse conditions |
| hyphae | long filaments or strands of a fungus |
| direct contact | Touching infectious lesion, sexual activity |
| Indirect contact | Involves intermediate object or organism |
| Droplet transmission | Respiratory or salivary secretions are expelled from infected individual |
| Aerosol transmission | Involve small particles from the respiratory tract; Suspended in air and can travel farther than droplets |
| Vector-borne | Insect or animal is an intermediate host |
| Factors that decrease host resistance | Age (infants and older adults), Pregnancy, Genetic susceptibility Immunodeficiency, Malnutrition, Chronic disease, Severe physical or emotional stress, Inflammation or trauma, Impaired inflammatory responses |
| Local signs of infection | Pain, swelling, redness, warmth, If bacterial—purulent exudate, If viral—serous, clear exudate |
| Systemic signs of inflammation | Fever may be present, Fatigue and weakness, Headache, Nausea |
| factors that increase host resistance | intact skin and mucous membranes, stomach acid and tears, non specific phagocytosis, effective inflammatory response, absence of disease, effective immune system, interferon production |
| local signs of inflammation | signs of inflammation that occur near the site of infected tissue |
| systemic signs of inflammation | signs and symptoms of infection that occur far from the site of infected tissue |
| influenza | viral infection that can affect both upper and lower respiratory tracts |
| direct contact | transmission of infection from person to person with no intermediary |
| indirect contact | infection transmitted by an intermediary such as contaminated food or hands |
| droplet transmission | infection transmitted by oral droplet such as saliva or respiratory secretions |
| aerosol transmission | transmission by small particles from the respiratory tract that are suspended in the air |
| vector borne | transmission by insect or animal reservoir |
| incubation period | period of time from when the body is exposed and appearance of clinical symptoms |
| prodromal period | early stage of infection when the person experiences vague signs and symptoms |
| acute period | period when infectious disease develops and clinical manifestations reach a peak |
| recovery or convalescent period | time in the infectious process when signs subside and body processes return to normal |
| local signs of infection | symptoms include pain, tenderness, swelling, redness and warmth |
| systemic signs of infection | symptoms include fever, fatigue, weakness, headache, nausea and fever |
| influenza | symptoms include acute, sudden onset of fever and chills, malaise, headache, muscle aches, sore throat, cough and nasal congestion |
Created by:
boringjen