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Patho Ch 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abcess | a localized pocket of infection or purulent exudate surrounded by inflammation |
| adhesions | a band of fibrous scar tissue forming an abnormal connection between two surfaces or structures |
| angiogenesis | the development of new capillaries |
| anorexia | loss of appetite |
| chemical mediators | a chemical released in the body during an inflammatory response or an immune response |
| chemostaxis | the movement of cells toward or away from an area of the body in response to chemical signals |
| collagen | the common protein making up connective tissue or bone |
| contracture | a shortening of muscle tissue or scar tissue causing immobility and deformity of a joint or structure |
| diapedesis | the passage of leukocytes through an intact capillary wall to a site of inflammation |
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | the rate at which RBC's settle out of a blood specimen; elevation of ESR is also a general characteristic of inflammation |
| exudate | a fluid that accumulates and may leak from tissue |
| fibrinogen | the plasma protein that is formed into solid fibrin strands during the clotting process |
| fibrinous | Pertaining to or composed of fibrin |
| fibroblast | an immature fiber-producing cell of connective tissue capable of differentiating into a chondroblast, collagenoblast, or osteoblast |
| glucocorticoids | the steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex |
| granulation tissue | newly developed fragile tissue, consisting of fibroblasts and blood vessels formed during healing |
| granuloma | a nodular destructive mass associated with chronic inflammation or infection |
| hematocrit | percentage of erythrocytes in a blood sample |
| hematopoeisis | process leading to red blood cell production |
| hydrostatic pressure | the pressure exerted by a liquid |
| hyperemia | increased blood flow to an area resulting in redness and warmth |
| interferons | a group of antiviral glycoproteins produced by viral infected cells |
| intra-articular | inside the joint cavity or joint space |
| isoenzymes | cell enzymes specific to certain organs that differ slightly in structure but have similar function |
| leukocyte | a white blood cell |
| leukocytosis | an above normal number of white blood cells in a blood sample |
| macrophage | large phaogocytotic white blood cells |
| malaise | a general feeling of discomfort or feeling unwell |
| neutrophil | A phagocytic WBC |
| osmotic pressure | the force with which the solution attracts solvent through the semipermeable membrane |
| perforation | a hole or break in the containing walls or membranes of an organ or structure of the body |
| permeability | the degree to which one substance allows another substance to pass through it |
| phagocytosis | The engulfing and ingestion of foreign bodies such as bacteria or other cells by phagocytes |
| purulent | like pus; thick yellowish material in tissues often resulting from a bacterial infection |
| pyrexia | fever |
| pyrogens | a substance that causes a fever |
| regeneration | tissue repair through replacement by identical functioning cells |
| replacement | The act or process of replacing or of being replaced; substitution. |
| resolution | the reduction or disappearance of a swelling or inflammation without suppuration |
| scar | A mark left on the skin after a surface injury or wound has healed |
| serous | watery secretion |
| stenosis | narrowing of a tube, valve or opening |
| ulcer | an open crater like lesion on the skin or mucous membranes |
| vasodilation | Dilation of a blood vessel, as by the action of a nerve or drug. |
| first line of defense | Unbroken skin and mucous membranes |
| second line of defense | Inflammation |
| third line of defense | Production of specific antibodies or cell-mediated immunity |
| causes of inflammation | Direct physical damage, Caustic chemicals, Ischemia or infarction, Allergic reactions, Extremes of heat or cold, Foreign bodies, Infection |
| Local Effects of Inflammation | redness and warmth, pain, swelling, loss of function |
| Systemic effects of inflammation | fever, malaise, fatigue, headache, anorexia |
| Potential complications of acute inflammation | infection, muscle spasms |
| Potential complications of acute inflammation | deep ulcers, excessive scar tissue formation |
| Healing by primary intention | accomplished when wound edges are well approximated |
| healing by secondary intention | takes longer and creates more scar tissue. Happens when wound edges are not well approximated |
| causes of burns | thermal, Chemical, Radiation, Electricity, Light, Friction |
| Superficial partial-thickness (first-degree) burns | Involve epidermis and part of dermis, Little, if any, blister formation |
| Deep partial-thickness (second-degree) burn | Epidermis and part of dermis, Blister formation |
| Full-thickness (third- and fourth-degree) burns | Destruction of all skin layers and often underlying tissues |
| inflammation | non specific tissue response to injury |
| local effects of inflammation | redness (rubor or erythema), heat swelling and pain (cardinal signs) near the sight of tissue damage |
| systemic effects or inflammation | other general signs of inflammation that are distant from the site of tissue damage (fever, malaise, leukocytosis) |
| chronic inflammation | may develop from an acute episode when the cause is not completely iradicated |
| factors that impair healing | age, nutrition, anemia, poor circulation, chronic diseases, irritation ,infection, chemotherapy or glucocorticoid treatments |
| shock | decreased circulating blood volume, decreased blood pressure, can cause kidney failure or organ damage or prolonged |
| rule of 9's | method to rapidly calculate the Body Surface Area of the burns |
| inflammation | symptoms include redness, swelling, warmth, pain and loss of function |
| local effects of inflammation | symptoms include redness (rubor or erythema), heat, swelling and pain |
| systemic effects of inflammation | symptoms include mild fever, malaise, fever, headache and anorexia |
| chronic inflammation | symptoms include less swelling and exudate but more lymphocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts |
| burns | symptoms depend of the temperature, duration of contact and extent of burn surface and site of the injury |
| superficial burns | symptoms include redness and pain but heal without scar tissue |
| partial thickness burns | symptoms include a red, blistering or waxy appearance |
| full thickness burns | symptoms include skin that looks coagulated and charred with a hard surface |
| shock | symptoms include low blood volume and low blood pressure |
Created by:
boringjen