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Patho Ch 20
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anemia | a decrease in circulating hemaglobin and oxygen carrying capacity in the blood because of decreased erythrocyte production, decreased hemaglobin production, excessive hemolysis or loss of blood |
| angiogenesis | a development of new capillaries |
| antineoplastic | a substance or process that destroys neoplastic cells |
| apoptosis | normal programmed cell death in tissues |
| atypical | unusual, not characteristic |
| biopsies | removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination to determine a diagnosis |
| chromosomes | made up of genes, the genetic code of a living cell, consisting of DNA |
| cytologic | the study of cells |
| differentiation | increased specialization of cells for specific functions |
| infiltrate | spread into surrounding tissue |
| leukopenia | a decreased number of leukocytes (white blood cells) in the blood |
| metastasis | a spread of cancer cells to distant sites by the blood or lymphatics; secondary malignant tumor |
| micrometastasis | a spread of malignant cells that are not yet detectable |
| mitosis | a process of cell reproduction resulting in two daughter cells with the same DNA as the parent cell |
| mutation | a change in the genetic makeup (DNA) of a cell, which will be inherited |
| nadir | he lowest point, such as the blood count after it has been depressed by chemotherapy |
| oncology | the study of cancer |
| palliative | providing comfort, relieving pain and other symptoms of disease without effecting a cure |
| pneumonia | infection of the lung that can be caused by nearly any class of organism known to cause human infections |
| prognosis | the probable outcome of a disease |
| prophylactic | a measure or drug used to prevent disease |
| radiofrequency ablation | destruction of a troublesome area by means of unmodulated high frequency alternating current. The current causes heat with tissue destruction and formation of scar tissue |
| radioisotopes | a radioactive form of an element that gives off radiation and can be useful as a diagnostic tool |
| remission | Abatement or subsiding of the symptoms of a disease. |
| recurrence | A return of the symptoms, occurring as a phenomenon in the natural history of the disease |
| seeding | spread of cancer cells in body fluids or among membranes, usually in body cavities |
| thrombocytopenia | abnormally ow number of platelets |
| total parenteral nutrition | administration of nutritionally complete fluid into the superior vena cava |
| genomic tumor assessment | identifies gene mutations that are not herditary |
| Local effects of cancer | Pain, obstruction or tissue necrosis and alteration |
| Systemic effects of cancer | Weight loss, cachexia, fatigue, bleeding and pyramioplastic syndrome |
| Stages of carcinogenesis | One initiation, 2 promotion, 3 malignant tumor, For metastasis |
| Prognosis | Generally defined as a 5 year survival rate without re occurrence after diagnosis and treatment |
| Skin cancer | Usually arises on the head, neck or back areas exposed to the sun |
| Ovarian cancer | Consider to be a silent tumor with a poor prognosis |
| Radiation therapy | Therapy causing mutations or alterations in targeted DNA, thus preventing mitosis or causing cell death |
| Chemotherapy | Anti neoplastic drugs that interfere with protein synthesis and DNA replication thus destroying cells |
| Brain cancer | Whether benign or malignant, space occupying masses create pressure inside the skull and maybe deadly |
| Staging of cancer | Describes extent of disease at the time and provides basis for treatment and pragnosis |
| Host defenses for cancer | Cancer suppressor genes, immune surveillance by humoral and cell mediated immunity |
| local effects of cancer | caused by direct pressure from the mass, inflammation, ischemia or bleeding in the area |
| systemic effects of cancer | caused by weight loss, cachexia, anorexia, fatigue, pain stress, or increased demands on the body |
| skin cancer | usually caused by sun exposure |
| ovarian cancer | caused by hormonal or genetic factors |
| staging of cancer | assessed by (T) size of the tumor, (N0 extent of involved regional lymph nodes and (M) spread or metastasis |
| basal cell carcinoma | appears as a pearly papule and develops a central ulceration. There is no pain or itching |
| ovarian cancer | first signs are altered bowel or bladder function and increased abdominal girth |
| radiation therapy | adverse effects are bone marrow depression, epithelial damage to skin and GI tract, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, malnutrition and dehydration |
| chemotherapy | adverse effects include bone marrow depression, nausea, vomiting, depression, stomatitis and depression |
| brain cancer | symptoms include seizures, increased intracranial pressure, headache, drowsiness, vomiting, visual problems or impaired motor function |
Created by:
boringjen