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Patho Ch 18
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anasarca | severe generalized edema |
| anuria | absence of urine production |
| azotemia | excess urea and other nitrogen wastes in the blood as in renal failure |
| calculi | a stone developed within the body |
| diasylate | the fluid and solutes in a dialysis process that simply flow through the dialyzer and do not pass through the semipermeable membrane |
| dysuria | painful urination |
| frequency | urination at short intervals without increase in daily volume of urinary output |
| glucosuria | presence of glucose in the urine |
| hematuria | presence of blood in the urine |
| nocturia | urination that interrupts sleep during the night |
| oliguria | abnormally small volume of urine output |
| osteodystrophy | defect in bone development related to calcium and phosphorous metabolism |
| polyuria | abnormally large volume of urine excreted in a given time period |
| proteinuria | abnormality resulting in protein being spilled into the urine |
| pyuria | pus in the urine |
| renal colic | intermittent, acute pain beginning in the kidney region and radiating forward and down to the abdomen, genitalia, and legs; the usual cause is calculi in a kidney or ureter. |
| retroperitoneally | behind the peritoneum |
| ultrafiltration | iltraton through filters with minute pores, thus allowing the separation of extremely minute particles. It occurs naturally, as in the filtration of plasma at the capillary membrane |
| urgency | the sudden, almost uncontrollable, need to urinate |
| dialysis | procedure used to treat renal failure that filters waste products |
| micturation | urination or voiding |
| nidus | the focus or point of origin of a morbid process |
| trigone | triangular section of the bladder that contains openings for ureters and also outlet for the urethra |
| urinary tract infection | usually caused by E.coli, more common in women and older men with BPH |
| cystitis | caused by an ascending UTI |
| urethritis | caused by a urinary tract infection |
| glomerulonephritis | caused by antigen/antibody complexes due to an earlier strep infection (type III hypersensitivity reaction) and affects glomeruli in both kidneys |
| pyelonephritis | caused by an untreated ascending urinary tract infection that affects the kidneys |
| urolithiasis | caused by excessive amounts of insoluble salts in the glomerular filtrate or insufficient fluid intake that creates highly concentrated filtrate |
| hydronephrosis | may be caused by a complication of tumors, scar tissue or untreated prostate enlargement |
| renal carcinoma | cancer occurring more frequent in smokers |
| bladder cancer | cancer often related to chemical exposures, cigarette smoking or recurrent infections |
| nephrosclerosis | caused by vascular changes due to aging, or secondary to diabetes or other disease processes |
| polycyctic kidney disease | caused by genetic mutation |
| acute renal failure | caused by acute kidney disease such as glomerulonephritis, prolonged circulatory shock, nephrotoxins or mechanical obstructions |
| chronic renal failure | caused by chronic kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes or long term exposure to nephrotoxins |
| wilms tumor | caused by a rare childhood tumor that affects tumor suppressing genes |
| stress incontinence | caused by increased intra-abdominal pressure uch as coughing, sneezing or laughing |
| overflow incontinence | caused by an incompetent bladder sphincter |
| incontinence | symptoms include loss of voluntary control of the bladder |
| cystitis | symptoms include lower abdominal pain, dysuria, urgency, frequency, nocturia, fever, malaise, leukocytosis, cloudy urine with an odor |
| urethritis | symptoms include dysuria, urgency and nocturia |
| polynephritis | symptoms include those of cystitis and dull aching pain in the lower back or flank with urinary casts |
| glomerulonephritis | symptoms include "smoky" or "coffee colored" urine, facial and periorbital edema that progresses to generalized edema, increased blood pressure, flank pain and decreased urine output |
| urolithiasis | symptoms include flank pain, renal colic, nausea, vomiting, cool moist skin and a rapid pulse |
| hydronephrosis | symptoms include asymptomatic or flank pain as renal capsule becomes stretched |
| renal carcinoma | tends to be asymptomatic and often has metastasized by diagnosis |
| bladder cancer | symptoms include hematuria, dysuria, frequency and infections |
| nephrosclerosis | asymptomatic until late stages, increased blood pressure, may progress to renal failure or congestive heart failure |
| polycystic kidney disease | asymptomatic until around age 40 when chronic renal failure requires dialysis |
| acute renal failure | symptoms include increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia |
| chronic renal failure | early signs are polyuria, anorexia, nausea, anemia, fatigue, weight loss, exercise intolerance end stage oliguria, dry itchy skin, peripheral neuropathy and congestive heart failure |
| wilms tumor | large unilateral abdominal mass in a 3 to 4 year old child |
Created by:
boringjen