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Patho Ch 16
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anabolic | building up or synthesis of complex compounds from simple molecules |
| catabolic | breakdown of complex molecules into simple molecules during metabolism |
| ectopic | away from normal position; displaced |
| endemic | a disease that is always present in a specific region |
| gluconeogenesis | production of glucose from protein or fat |
| glucosuria | glucose in the urine |
| hyperglycemia | elevated blood sugar above normal limits |
| hypoglycemia | blood sugar levels below normal limits |
| iatrogenic | caused by a treatment, procedure or error |
| ketoacidosis | Metabolic acidosis caused by an abnormally high concentration of ketone bodies in the blood and body tissues |
| ketones | chemical byproduct of lipid metabolism |
| ketonuria | presence of ketones in the urine |
| macroangiopathy | degenerative changes in the walls of large arteries |
| microangiopathy | degenerative changes in the walls of small arteries |
| negative feedback | homeostatic feedback mechanism, wherein production of e.g. hormone is triggered by low levels of that hormone in circulating blood |
| neuropathy | degeneration of nerve fibers |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst and fluid intake |
| polyphagia | excessive eating |
| polyuria | an abnormally large volume of urine excreted in a given time period |
| tropic | growth inducing |
| exocrine | glands that secrete hormones through a duct |
| Diabetes mellitus type 1 | More severe form occurring more frequently in childhood or adolescence rebut it were adolescents resulting from destruction of pancreatic Beta cells in an auto immune reaction |
| Diabetes mellitus type 2 | Decreased effectiveness of insulin or a relative deficit of insulin |
| Gestational diabetes | Type of diabetes that develop during pregnancy and disappears after delivery of the child |
| Hypoglycemia | Condition precipitated by an excess of insulin which causes a deficit of glucose in the blood |
| Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non ketotic syndrome | Hyperglycemia, dehydration in a type 2 diabetic but sufficient insulin to prevent keto acidosis |
| Hypo parathyroidism | Low levels of parathyroid hormone causing hypocalcemia |
| Gigantism | Results from excess growth hormone before puberty and fusion of the epiphythesis |
| Acromegaly | Results from excessive growth hormone secretion in an adult |
| Diabetes insipidus | Deficit of anti diuretic hormone |
| Syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone | Excessive secretion of anti diuretic hormone resulting in fluid retention |
| Hyperthyroidism | Excessive secretion of T3 and T4 graves disease is one example |
| Hypothyroidism | Low thyroid levels that can result in more severe forms such as Hashimoto's, mixedema or cretanism |
| Cushing syndrome | Excessive production or exposure to glucocorticoids |
| Addison disease | Deficiency of adrenal cortical secretions |
| diabetes mellitus type I | symptoms include hunger, fatigue, thirst, polyuria, dry mouth, itchy skin, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia |
| diabetes mellitus type II | symptoms include hunger, fatigue, thirst, polyuria, dry mouth, itchy skin, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia |
| gestational diabetes | symptoms develop during pregnancy and disappears after delivery of the baby |
| hypoglycemia | symptoms include poor concentration, slurred speech, lack of coordination, increased pulse, moist skin, anxiety and tremors, |
| hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome | symptoms include neurologic deficits, muscle weakness, difficulty with speech and abnormal reflexes |
| hypoparathyroidism | symptoms include hypocalcemia, weak cardiac muscle contractions and hyper-excitability of nerves with muscle spasms and twitching |
| hyperparathyroidism | symptoms include hypercalcemia with forceful cardiac contractions, osteoporosis |
| gigantism | symptoms include excessively tall stature |
| acromegaly | symptoms include broad, heavy bone structure, enlargement, enlargement of hands, feet and facial structures |
| diabetes insipidus | symptoms include polyuria, thirst and severe dehydration |
| syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone | symptoms include fluid retention, severe hyponatremia, mental confusion and irritability |
| hyperthyroidism | symptoms include exopthalmos. increased metabolism, heat intolerance, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, nervousness |
| hypothyroidism | symptoms include cool skin, edema, cold intolerance, bradycardia, lethargy, weight increase but decreased appetiti |
| Cushing | symptoms include moon face, buffalo hump, fragile skin, muscle wasting in the limbs, hursutism, delayed healing, glucose intolerance and retention of sodium |
| addison | symptoms include low blood sugar, poor stress response, fatigue, weight loss, frequent infections, decreased serum sodium, decreased blood pressure, increased potassium |
| diabetic ketoacidosis | high blood glucose levels resulting from insufficient insulin. More common in type I diabetics |
| diabetic ketoacidosis | usually develops over a few days and may be initiated by infection or stress which increases the demand for insulin in the body |
| diabetic ketoacidosis | symptoms include signs of dehydration such as thirst, dry oral mucosa, warm dry skin, rapid pulse, low blood pressure, kussmaul respirations, acetone breath, lethargy and decreased responsiveness |
Created by:
boringjen