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Family, Group, Behav
Family, Group and Behavioral Concepts
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Blended Families | Separate families united by marriage, step-families |
| Boundary | A concept used in structural family therapy to describe the emotional barriers that protect and enhance the integrity of individuals, subsystems and families |
| Circular causality | The idea that events are related through a series of interacting loops or repeating cycles |
| Complementary | relationships based on differences which fit together, where qualities of one make up for lacks in the other; one is up while the other is down |
| Concurrent therapy | treatment of two or more persons, seen separately, usually by different therapists |
| Conjoint therapy | treatment of two or more persons in sessions together |
| Contingency contracting | a behavior therapy technique whereby agreements are made between family members to exchange rewards for desired behaviors |
| Counter-transference | emotional reaction, usually unconscious and often distorted, on the part of the therapist to a patient of member of a family in treatment |
| Cross-generational coalition | An inappropriate alliance between a parent and child who side together against a third member of the family |
| Differentiation | psychological separation of intellect and emotions and independence of self from others; opposite of effusion |
| Disengagement | The psychological isolation that results from overly rigid boundaries around individuals and subsystems in a family |
| Double-bind | A conflict created when a person receives a contradictory message of different levels of abstraction in an important relationship and cannot leave of comment |
| Emotional cut-off | Bowen's term for flight from an unresolved emotional attachment |
| Enactment | an interaction stimulated in structural family therapy in order to observe and then change transactions which make up family structure |
| Enmeshment | Munition's term for loss of autonomy due to a blurring of psychological boundaries |
| Extended family | All the descendants of a set of grandparents |
| Extinction | Eliminating a behavior by not reinforcing it |
| Family drawing | An experiential therapy technique where family members are asked to draw their ideas about how the family is organized |
| Family group therapy | Family treatment based on the group therapy model |
| Family homeostasis | tendency of families to resist change in order to maintain a steady state |
| Family life cycle | stages of family life- separation from one's parents, marriage, having children, growing older, retirement and death |
| Family structure | The functional organization of families that determines how family members interact |
| Family myths | a set of beliefs based on a distortion of historical reality and shared by all family members that help shape the rules governing family functioning |
| Family of origin | A person's parents and siblings; usually refers to the original nuclear family of an adult |
| Family projection process | In Brownian theory the mechanism by which parental conflicts are projected onto the children or spouse |
| Family rules | A descriptive term for redundant behavioral patterns in a family based on expectations of how family members are expected to behave |
| Feedback | The return of a portion of the output of a system, especially when used to maintain the output within predetermined limits (negative feedback) or to signal a need to modify the system (positive feedback) |
| Functional analysis of behavior | In operant behavior therapy a study of a particular behavior, which elects it, and when reinforces it (ABA) |
| Fusion | A blurring of psychological boundaries between self and others and a contamination of emotional and intellectual functioning; opposite of differentiation |
| Group dynamics | Interactions among group members that emerge as a result of properties of the group rather than merely their individual personalities |
| Hierarchal structure | family functioning based on clear generational boundaries where the parents maintain control and authority |
| Identified patient | the symptom bearer or official paint as identified by the family |
| Joining | a structural family therapy term for accepting and accommodating to families in order to win their confidence and circumvent resistence |
| Linear causality | The idea that one event is the cause and another is the effect; in behavior the idea that one behavior is a stimulus and the other is the response |
| Live supervision | technique of teaching therapy whereby the supervisor observes sessions in progress and contacts the therapist to suggest different strategies and techniques |
| Modeling | observational learning |
| Multiple family therapy | treatment of several families at once in group therapy |
| Nuclear family | parents and their children |
| Object relations | Internalized images of self and others based on early parent-child interaction which determine a person's mode of relationship to other people |
| Object relations theory | Psychoanalytic theory derived from Klein which emphasizes the object-seekining propensity of the infant instead of focusing exclusively on libidinal and aggressive drives |
| Paradox | a self contradictory statement based on a valid deduction from acceptable premises |
| Paradoxical directive | A technique used in strategic therapy whereby the therapist directs family members to continue their symptomatic behavior-- if they conform, they admit control and expose secondary gain; if they rebel, they give up their symptoms |
| Parental child | A child who has been allocated power to take care of younger siblings; adaptive when done deliberately in large or single parent families, maladaptive when it results from unplanned abdication of parental responsibilities |
| Prescribing the symptom | A paradoxical technique which forces a patient to either give up a symptom or admit that it is under voluntary control |
| Positive connotation | technique of ascribing positive motives to family behavior in order promote family cohesion and avoid resistance to therapy |
| Process/content | distinction between how members of a family or group relate (process) and what they talk about (content) |
| Projective identification | A defense mechanism that operates unconsciously whereby unwanted aspects of the self are attributed to another person and that person is inducted to behave in accordance with these projected attitudes and feelings |
| Reframing | relabeling a family's description of behavior to make it more amenable to therapeutic change |
| Regression | Return to a less mature level of functioning in the face of stress |
| Reinforcement | An event, behavior or object that increases the rate of a particular response |
| Positive reinforcer | An event whose contingent presentation increase the rate of responding |
| Negative reinforcer | An event whose contingent withdrawal increases the rate of of responding |
| Reinforcement reciprocity | Exchanging rewarding behaviors between family members |
| Relabeling | altering the meaning of behavior or redefining the situation so the perceived meaning of the behavior is less negative |
| Resistance | Anything that patients or families do to oppose or retard the progress of therapy |
| Restraining | A strategic technique for overcoming resistance by suggesting that a family not change |
| Roleplaying | acting out the parts of important characters to dramatize feelings and practice new ways of relating |
| Scapegoat | a member of the family, usually the identified patient, who is the object of displaced conflict or criticisms |
| Undifferentiated family ego mass | The emotional fusion or enmeshment of a family |
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