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chpt 10
Disinfection (pg 156 -169
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A chemical which kills most pathogenic organisms, but does not kill spores, and is not a sterilant. | Disinfectant |
| Completely devoid of all living microorganisms. (living organisms are all gone) | Sterile |
| A solution which inhibits (stops) the growth of bacteria. Usually used topically (on the skin) and only used on animate (live) objects. | Antiseptics |
| The destruction of nearly all pathogenic microorganisms on an inanimate surface. | Disinfection |
| The use of heat to kill all organisms except spores. | Thermal Disinfection |
| A process by which all forms of microbial life including bacteria, viruses, spores, and fungi are completely destroyed. | Sterilization |
| A group of chemicals that have similar characteristics. | Families (chemicals) |
| Relating to the destruction of bacteria. | Bactericidal |
| The first and most important step in any sterilization or high-level disinfection process. | Thorough cleaning of items |
| (Effectiveness of disinfectants) Excessive moisture must be removed or left on the item to be disinfected. Why? | Removed so that the solution won't be diluted by the water. |
| Effectiveness of disinfectants depends on the type and number of microorganisms. | Some microorganisms are more resistant than others. Also the more organisms make is harder to allow disinfectant to do its job. |
| How direct contact with the item affects disinfecting it. | There can be nothing including oils, protein soil, and detergent films between the disinfecting agent and the surface of the item being disinfected. |
| How time affects the disinfecting process. | Direct contact by the disinfecting agent for a required amount of time is essential to achieving the desired bactericidal effect. Any less time will not work as well. |
| How temperature affects disinfecting. | Some disinfectants are more effective when they are heated to an optimal temperature. |
| What does pH level have to do with disinfecting. | Disinfectants are formulated over a range of values at which they will be most effective. |
| How hardness of water affects disinfecting | Some minerals like calcium and magnesium don't allow items to be disinfected as well. Check the label on disinfectant for instructions. |
| What material compatibility have to do with disinfecting | Medical devices are designed from many different types of materials, and the disinfectant that is used must be appropriate for the material to be disinfected. |
| How positioning of the devices is important during disinfecting | The position of some devices is critical. It is important that all surfaces can be reached by the disinfectant. |
| A virus whose nucleic acid core is not surrounded by a lipidenvelope. These viruses are generally more resistant to inactivation by disinfectants. | Nonlipid virus |
| A virus whose core is surrounded by a coat of lipoprotein. These viruses are generally easily inactivated by many types of disinfectants, including low level disinfectants. | Lipid virus |
| Process that utilizes a sterilant for a shorter contact time than that used for sterilization, and that kills all microbial organisms but not necessarily large numbers of bacterial spores. | High-level disinfection |
| Process that utilizes an agent that kills viruses, mycobacteria, fungi, and vegetative bacteria, but not bacterial spores. | Intermediate-level disinfection |
| Process that utilizes an agent that kills vegetative forms of bacteria, some fungi, and lipid viruses. | Low-level disinfection |
| The length of time a disinfectant can be properly stored after which it must be discarded. | shelf life (disinfectants) |
| The length of time or number of times used after which the efficiency of a disinfectant is diminished. | use life (disinfectants) |
| Compounds that contain a positive electrical charge on the large organic hydrophobic molecule. These have germicidal properties. | Cationic |
| Compounds which have a negative electrical charge on the large organic portion of the molecule which is relatively hydrophobic and lipophilic. These form the large group of synthetic detergents. | Anionic |
| A low-level disinfectant, like benzalkonium chloride, etylpyridinium chloride. | Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ("quats") |
| An intermediate-to low-level disinfectant containing phenol (carbolic acid). Are corrosive and should not be used on Stainless Steel units. | Phenolics |
| Two types are ethyl and isopropyl, have good disinfecting properties. Widely used in hospitals. | Alcohol |
| Intermediate-level disinfectants that have similar elements possessing some unique properties. Known for its reactivity. | Halogens |
| Two Halogens that possess disinfecting and sterilizing properties. | Chlorine and Iodophors |
| The inorganic variety is most valuable for the disinfection of water, sewage, swimming pools, and food and drinking utensils. | Chlorine |
| A reactive member of the halogen family; a buffered iodine which is water soluble. | Iodophors |
| High level disinfectant used for semi-critical devices such as endoscopes and ultrasonic probes used in radiology. | Glutaraldehyde |
| Provides a fast and easy way to ensure that the glutaraldehyde solutions are safe to use without excessive dilution or heavy contamination. | Solution test strips |
| The employees exposure to an air contaminant which shall not be exceeded during any part of the work day. | Ceiling Limit |
| Relatively new high-level disinfectant that provides a fast and effective way to disinfect a wide range of instruments and endoscopes. | Ortho-Phthalaldehyde (OPA) |
| The percentage concentration of the active ingredient in a disinfectant that is the minimum concentration at which the chemical meets all its label claims for activity against specific microorganisms. | Minimum effective concentration |
| Available in a high, intermediate, and low-level disinfectant. | Formaldehyde |
Created by:
ccostilow186