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UNIT 9
Market failures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define negative externalities of production and give an example. | Negative externalities of production refer to external costs created by producers. The problem of environmental pollution, created as a side-effect of production activities, is very commonly analysed as a negative production externality. |
| Reasons for underprovision | Reasons for underprovision include: *The good may have positive externalities. *Low levels of income and poverty. *Consumer ignorance. |
| Name the characteristics of public goods | It is non-rivalrous and it is non-excludable. |
| Why is monopoly power conseidered to b e socially undesirable? | because it leads to allocative inefficiency, a productive inefficiency or a lower output and a higher price of the industry than the output and price of a more competitive market. |
| Poductive inefficiency is when... | When the production does not take place at the lowest possible cost. |