Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Human Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the levels of organization in multicellular organism starting with atoms and ending with organisms? (Smallest to Largest) | atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organisms |
| Define Homeostasis | describes the maintenance of the internal environment of the organism even when there are changes in its external environment Involves the homeostatic mechanism (negative feedback) |
| Describe how Negative and Positive feedback mechanisms are used by organisms to maintain homeostasis. | Negative feedback (Good): restores the internal environment. it will try to get back to normal Positive Feedback (Bad): organisms senses change in the internal environment. Response to change increases as time progresses. |
| Define: Atoms | -An atom is the smallest unit of matter. -It is the smallest component of an element - made of 3 particles. protons, neutrons, and electron |
| Define Molecules | a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction. |
| define cells | basic unit of life |
| define tissue | consist of groups of cells working together to carry out a specific function. |
| define organs | structures composed of two or more tissues to carry out a function |
| Organ system | group of organs that carry out a specific function of an organisms |
| Organisms | is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, or bacterium. |
| Describe why carbon is a versatile element and found in the structures of all biomolecules. | Carbon can be found in many different chemical compounds because it can form single, double, triple bonds, and chains. Branch chains and rings are connected to other carbon atoms. |
| What are the 6 functional groups? | Hydroxyl, phosphate, sulfhydryl, carbonyl. carboxyl, amine |
| What are the functional groups properties? Hydroxyl (R―OH) Carbonyl Carboxyl (R―COOH) | Hydroxyl(Alcohol)-polar Carbonyls(human senses with strong odors, both pleasant and unpleasant)- polar Carboxyl- highly polar and reactive, charge ionizes to release H+ since carboxyl groups can release H+ ions into solution, they are acidic. |
| What are the functional groups properties? Amines (R―NH2). | Amines-increase polarity and reactivity of an organic molecule and readily form hydrogen bonds with water and other polar molecules. charges, accepts H+ to form NH3+ since amino groups can remove H+ from solution. BASIC |
| What are the functional groups properties? Phosphate (R―PO42–) Sulfhydryl | Phosphate- charges ionizes releases H+. since phosphate groups can release H+ ions into solutions they are acidic. Sulfhydryl- Polar |
| Define monomer | a small molecular subunit that can be combined w/ similar subunits to form larger molecules such as: lipids (fatty acids/glycerol), nucleic acids(nucleotides), proteins(amino acids). |
| define polymer | very large molecules made of many small monomers and atoms - molecular links in the polymer chain repeat units formed from one or more molecules called monomers. |
| Describe Hydrolysis reaction | Hydrolysis is the separation of two macromolecules by adding water. - opposite of dehydration synthesis - break bonds and release energy |
| Describe Dehydration Synthesis | To bond two molecules together while removing water. |
| Define Monosaccharide (simple sugars, nutrients) | are the simplest units of carbohydrates and sugar, they are the building blocks of Poly/Di Molecule Example: glucose, fructose, galactose Food Example: honey, , fruit, high fructose corn syrup |
| Define Disaccharide (sugar) | Two monosaccharides linked together. Molecule Example: sucrose, lactose, maltose Food Example: table sugar, dairy products, sugar cane |
| Define polysaccharide (grains, wheats) and Function | Functions as energy storage and provides structure. Mono form polysaccharides by removing water, creating a covalent bond between them. Example: starch, chitin, cellulose, glycogen Food Example: vegetables, grains, breads, pasta, potatoes, rice |
| carbohydrate | A macromolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates are sugars and starches which are the main energy source for cells. |
| Name and Classify the common Carbohydrates as either Polysaccharide, Disaccharide, or Monosaccharide: fructose Starch. glucose sucrose glycogen ribose cellulose deoxyribose, lactose. galactose | Glucose,MONO fructose,MONO galactose,MONO ribose, MONO deoxyribose, MONO sucrose, DI lactose, DI glycogen, POLY starch, POLY cellulose POLY |
| Define Amino Acids (Proteins) | Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. All amino acids have a central or alpha carbon, to which are bonded 4 groups: |
| Name the parts of the Amino Acid | a hydrogen an amino group a carboxyl group a unique side chain, also known as a R-group |
| What are the 4 levels of proteins structure? | Primary structure secondary structure tertiary structure quaternary structure |
| What happens during the Primary structure? | unique sequence of amino acids used to synthesize a polypeptide. this is determined by inherited genetic info. Sequence of amino acids Determined by gene DNA Held together by covalent (peptide) bonds |
| What happens in the Secondary structure | consist of coils/foils in the polypeptide chains. -This results from hydrogen bondsFolding of regions of polypeptide -Coil called an A helix and a folded structure called B pleated sheet. |
| What happens in the Tertiary structure? | Folding of the entire protein into a characteristic shape May be globular (enzymes) or fibrous (hair proteins) May be held together by covalent, ionic, hydrogen bonds (and sometimes other possible ones) |
| What happens in the Quatenary structure? | results when protein consists of multiple polypeptide chains - a protein shape (3D shape) is directly related to its function -association of 2 proteins |
| What is the importance of shape to protein function? | coding it correctly They do a number of jobs in organisms, including acting as enzymes, hormones, membrane channels, and receptors. |
| Function of Carbohydrates Starch Glycogen | Starch: Plants use it for long-term, energy storage, seeds such as wheat, corn or rice, or in tubers such as potatoes Glycogen: Animals use it as short-term energy storage, stockpiling in the liver& muscles. |
| Function of Carbohydrates Cellulose | Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose. Animals cannot break down cellulose (we call it fiber) and depend upon microbes to do this. |
| Summary of proteins | Subunits are amino acids Amino acids are joined by condensation reactions that form peptide bonds The amino acid sequence is a protein’s primary structure. The primary structure can also be called a polypeptide. |
| Summary of proteins part 2 | Local folding of a polypeptide is a protein’s secondary structure Tertiary structure is the additional folding of the protein into its characteristic shape The Quaternary structure is the association of two or more proteins |
| Define proteins | Proteins are macromolecules consisting of long chains of subunits called amino acids. |
| Define Nucleic acids | Nucleic acids are macromolecules that store and transmit inherited information. DNA and RNA are two types of nucleic acids. |
| DNA RNA | DNA and RNA are long chains of subunits called nucleotides. |
| Define Denaturation; | Denature (Unfold) lose function |
| Describe how pH and temperature affect protein function | if a protein is exposed to conditions such as high temp or changes in pH levels, the protein may denature and lose ability to function |
| Name the 2 major nucleic acids found in cells | DNA and RNA |
| Name the 3 main parts of a nucleotide | A monosaccharide At least one phosphate group A nitrogenous base, a ring structure that contains nitrogen adenine, guanine, cytosine or uracil. |
| pyrimidines | A nitrogenous base, a ring structure that contains nitrogen The pyrimidines are have only 1 ring Cytosine and Thymine are pyrimidines Uracil in Thymine |
| purines | The purines have 2 rings Adenine and Guanine are purines |
| RNA structure | RNA nucleotides contains Ribose instead of deoxyribose Uracil instead of Thymine RNA is Single stranded instead of double stranded Smaller than DNA |
| DNA Location: Function: | DNA is located In the cytosol of bacteria In the nucleus of the cells of eukaryotes, such as humans Some DNA functions Act as genes: Stored information to make proteins Is passed from one generation to the next |
| Define antiparallel arrangement. | DNA is a doule stranded helix: the 2 nucleotide strands in DNA are oriented in opposite directions. |
| Define Lipids | Lipids are a diverse group of macromolecules. Most lipids are hydrophobic (“water hating”). |
| What are the 3 types of lipids? | fats (triglycerides) , phospholipids, steroids |
| Fats strucute | The 3 fatty acids are attached to glycerol using condensation reactions. An example of a fat with two unsaturated fatty acids: Fats are used for long-term energy storage in plants and animals. |
| What are fats consist of? | made of glycerol and 3 fatty acids, are used for long-term energy storage. Saturated and trans fats are unhealthy. |
| What are phospholipids consist of? | - Glycerol - A phosphate group Water-loving “head” top 3 -A nitrogen-containing group - 2 fatty acids<-- Water-hating “tails” have a hydrophilic head and 2 hydrophobic tails. Cell membranes consist of a bilayer of phospholipids. |
| What makes membranes? | Membranes of all cells consist of a double layer of phospholipids, called a phospholipid “bilayer” -Hydrophilic heads are pointed away from each other - Tails form hydrophobic core |
| How does Cholesterol help function of Steroids? | Cholesterol maintains the flexibility of a cell membrane -We make cholesterol in our livers and eat it in our food. |
| What should i know about steroids? | Steroids consist of 4 interconnected rings. Cholesterol and the sex hormones are examples of steroids. |
| How does Steroid hormones help function steroids? | Steroid hormones direct our cells to do specialized tasks. -Sex hormones affect the growth and function of reproductive organs -Cortisone is active in carbohydrate metabolism and is used to treat allergic reactions. |
| What is the Cell Theory? | 1. all living organisms are mad of 1 or more cell 2. the cell is the smallest unit of life. cant divide a cell smaller and still have it alive. 3. cells come from pre-existing cells |
| What is the basic structure of eukaryotic cells | Plasma membrane nucleus and cytoplasm |
| Describe the basic structure of eukaryotic cells. Nucleus | Surrounded by a nuclear envelope consisting of 2 layers of plasma membrane w/in the nuclear envelope is a layer of protein fibers called nuclear lamina Structures called nuclear pores assist with transport into or out of the nucleus |
| Where is the location of intracellular and the extracellular fluids? | extracellular above the plasma membrane intracellular inside the plasma membrane |
| Function of a eukaryotic cell. Nucleus | Function: Store and protect most of the DNA present in the cell |
| what are the 4 levels of a protein structure? | primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, quaternary structure |
| Describe the primary structure of a protein? | unique sequence of amino acids used to synthesize a polypeptide. this is determined by inherited genetic info. |
| Describe the secondary structure of a protein? | consist of coils and folds in the polypeptide chain. this results from hydrogen bonds. - coil called a helix and a folded structure called a pleated sheet. |
| describe the tertiary structure? | determined by interactions among varios side chains (r group). -these interactions between r groups include hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions. |
| what are the two basic cell types? | eukaryotic and prokaryotic |
| what are some examples of eukaryotic | animal, plants, fungi, these are these are uni or multicellular |
| what is the basic structure of a eukaryotic cell? | plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm |
| What is the endomembrane system? | a group of organelles in the eurka that work together to make/ transport biological macromolecules. Remember it as the: Molecule Factory |
| what kind of macromolecules are made and transported from the endomembrane system? | proteins lipids carbohydrates |
| What is the function of the Smooth endoplasmic reticulum? (SER) | in the muscle cells: store calcium ions to aid muscle contraction in liver cells: helps to get rid of drugs and toxins *it produces lipids such as steroids and phospholipids for many cell functions |
| what is the structure of the Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum? | made up of the plasma membrane folds that are smooth looking in appearance ER w/o ribosomes |
| What do ribosomes do? | make proteins |
| what is the Rough endoplasmic reticulum? (RER) | is a type of organelle in the cells of eukaryotic organisms that forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube-like structures known as cisternae. The membranes of the ER are continuous with the outer nuclear membrane. |
| What are the ribosomes suppose to do with the RER? | ribosomes thread (enzymes) proteins into the RER. the RER has enough space for protheins to fold into proper shape or 3D shape. |
| What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum? | produces some lipids and proteins that are going to be transported to the golgi apparatus. they are packaged into vesicles. Packaged and transported.. |
| What is the function of the golgi apparatus? | the modifying, sorting, process/packaging of proteins for secretion. It is also involved in the transport of lipids around the cell, and they create lysosomes |
| what are lysosomes? | vesicles that contain enzymes (proteins) that break down biological macromolecules and food. |
| What is the Mitochondria? (Singular= Mitochondrion) | is where the process of cellular respiratuon takes place in teh eukaryotic cell. its suppose to produce the energy (ATP) |
| What is the structure of the Mitochondria? | double membrane organelle and consist of many enzymes involved in the production of energy . |
| Proteins consist of what type of monomer? | amino acids |
| Monosaccharides are combined to form.... | carbohydrates |
| Which of the following is not an example of a lipid? Cellulose Triglyceride Cholesterol Testosterone Phospholipid | cellulose |
| Which of the following macromolecules can function as inherited genetic information? Lipid Protein Nucleic acid Carbohydrate All of the above | nucleic acid |
| Which of the following macromolecules is a major component of cell membranes? Fat DNA Glucose Phospholipid All of the above | phospholipid |
| DNA and RNA are macromolecules that consist of what type of monomer? Glycerol Fatty acids Nucleotides Amino acids Monosaccharides | nucleotides |
| __________ are macromolecules that are usually folded into secondary and tertiary structures to form their characteristic 3-D shape. Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids Carbohydrates All of the above | proteins |
| A triglyceride is made of ___________ . glucose four fused carbon rings glycerol and 3 fatty acids glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group monosaccharide, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base | glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| Which of the following is not an example of a nucleic acid? DNA RNA Glucose | glucose |
| Cell shape is regulated by a structure called... | cytoskeleton |
| The eukaryotic cell cytoskeleton is a mixture of three different protein fibers... what are they | Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules |
| what is the structure of the cytoskeleton | consists of microtubules and microfilaments |
| what is the function of the cytoskeleton | supports cell shape and involved in cellular transport of molecules |
| what is the structure and function of the flagella? | like cilia except they are longer and contain microtubules. function: involved in cell movement |
| What is the structure and function of cilia? | s: short extensions from the cell membrane that contain microtubules f: moves substances over the cell surface |
| what is a microtubule? | a protein that helps to maintain cell shape and assists with the mobility of some cells. |
| what structure is responsible for making proteins for many cell functions? | ribosomes |
| what is the plasma membranes function? | controls what molecules are allowed to enter/exit the cell. |
| what is the structure of the plasma membrane? | cells surrounded by the plasma mem, the membrane is covered by cholesterol/proteins. |
| What are the parts that make up a plasma membrane? | phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, proteins, carbohydrates. |
| Structure of the phospholipid bilayer | 2 layers of phospholipids<-- lipids w/ phosphate group which make up the bilayer. this helps shape the cell and determines what goes in and out |
| the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane does what? | -they strengthen the mem by preventing small molecules from crossing - they keep phospholipids tails from contact and solidifying. this ensures the mem. to stay fluid and flexible |
| structure of cholesterol in PM | made up 4 rings of hydrogen and carbon atoms. they are found in the hydrophobic tails. |
| function of proteins in plasma membrane | proteins can function as enzymes (speed up reaction) act as receptors transport materials across cell mem integral proteins- inside bilayer peripheral proteins- outside |
| function of carbohydrates | found attached to proteins or lipids on the outside of cell membrane. -only found in extracellular side of mem. -carbohydrates form glycocalyx which provides cushion/protection for the PM. can also act as glue to attatch cell together |
| Protein Receptors | send signals to each other by transmitting them through mem. chemical signals bind to proteins. receptors can be found on the surface of cells. |
| diffusion | is the net (overall) movement of atoms or molecules from an area high to low concentration - the direction of net movement follow the concentration gradient. they can easily move if small and uncharged |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane . |
| ATP structure | is a RNA nucleotide made of: monosaccharide ribose 3 phosphate groups nitrogenous base adenine |
| when is energy released from ATP | when phosphate groups are removed from the molecule |
| the process of making ATP in a eukaryotic cell is called... | cellular respiration |
| what 2 things does cellular respiration need? | 2 molecules: monosaccharides (glucose) and oxygen gas |
| what does cellular respiration produce? | Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Carbon dioxide gas (CO2) Water (H2O) |
| Cellular respiration consists of a series of controlled chemical reactions. These reactions can be divided into three “pathways”: what are they called? | Glycolysis, takes place in cytosol of a eukar cell The citric acid cycle (the Krebs or TCA cycle), which takes place in the mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell Oxidative phosphorylation, which also takes place in the mitochondria |
| what is the purpose of cellular respiration? | breakdown glucose molecules to make ATP - O2 is required to complete this process. |
| Fuction of glycolysis | glucose is split in the reaction to extract electrons. requires glucose |
| glycolysis produces | produces electrons picked up by an electron carrier called *NADH *pyruvate, generated when glucose is split *ATP *Hydrogen ions, *Water |
| the citric acid cylce requires what.. | requires pyruvate (product of glycolysis) and is converted to acetyl coenzyme A in the mitochondria before cycle begins |
| the citric acid cycle produces | electrons picked up by 2 electron carriers NADH and FADH2--> this delivers electrons to inner mem of mitochondria . ATP hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide |
| Oxidative phosphorylation begins with the electrons moving through...- | electron transport |
| What is the function of the Golgi App? | function is the modifying, sorting and packaging of proteins for secretion. It is also involved in the transport of lipids around the cell, and the creation of lysosomes |
| What can be found in the Eukaryotic cell? | Endoplasmic reticulum smooth ER rough ER Golgi App. Lysosomes Mitochondria the eukaryotic cytoskeleton cytoplasm nucleus |
| What is Glycolysis ? | one process of CR. it requires glucose, which is split in the reaction of glycolysis to remove electrons. Produces: electrons, picked up by electrons carrier called NADH. . Pyruvate, generated when glucose is split. -ATP -Hydrogen Ions -Water. |
| What is The Citric Acid Cycle? | Pyruvate, which is a product of glycolysis and is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl coA) in the mitochondria before the cycle begins |
| The Citric Acid cycle does what? | cycle is an aerobic process (one that requires oxygen) that produces ATP by breaking down glucose |
| The citric acid cycle produces? | Electrons, which picked up by two electron carriers, NADH and FADH2 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Hydrogen ions (H+) Carbon dioxide (CO2) |
| What is Oxidative Phosphorylation electron transport? | An electron transport chain consists of a series of electron-accepting molecules (most are proteins). Many are embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane. The molecules receive electrons and pass them onto the next molecule in the chain, |
| What is the Oxidative Phosphorylation Production of ATP? | The movement of electrons through an electron transport chain creates power for the production of ATP by a protein structure called ATP synthase, also located in the mitochondrial inner membrane ATP synthase adds a phosphate to ADP to create ATP: |
| How much ATP is produced per glucose? | glycolysis 2 ATP citric acid cycle (krebs cycle) 2ATP Oxidation 26-28 ATP for each glucose molecule 30-32 ATP molecules are produced by the entire process of CR. |
| which of the ATP production in the Cellular respiration can still work in the absence of O2 | O2 is required for Oxidation to occur neither the citric acid cycle nor oxidation cycle can take place w/o O2 *glycolysis can occur w/o O2 as long as it has Glucose |
| What is fermentation? | is the anaerobic production of ATP by essentially repeating glycolysis. |
| What are the two types of eukaryotic cell division? | Mitosis and meiosis |
| What is Mitosis | process of dividing body cells and their nuclei |
| Which cellular respiration pathway occurs in the cytosol (cytoplasm) of a eukaryotic cell? Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation a and b are correct All of the above | Glycolysis |
| Which of the following statements about ATP is true? It is used by cells for energy It consists of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups The most energy comes from removing its third phosphate group All of the above are true None | all of them are true |
| Oxygen gas (O2) is necessary for which cellular respiration pathway? Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation a and b are correct all of the above | Oxidative phosphorylation |
| Which two molecules are required for cellular respiration to occur? O2 CO2 Glucose | O2 AND GLUCOSE |
| The products of glycolysis include: Which ones? -O2 and glucose -Lactic acid and ATP -NADH, FADH2, ATP, CO2, H+ -NADH, pyruvate, ATP, H2O, H+ | NADH, pyruvate, ATP, H2O, H+ |
| The products of the citric acid cycle include: O2 and glucose Lactic acid and ATP NADH, FADH2, ATP, CO2, H+ NADH, pyruvate, ATP, H2O, H+ | NADH, FADH2, ATP, CO2, H+ |
| Which cellular respiration pathway produces the most ATP? Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation | Oxidative phosphorylation |
| Which cellular respiration pathway occurs when O2 is absent but glucose is present? Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation | Glycolysis |
| n an animal cell, electron transport chains are present in the __________ . nucleus cytosol (cytoplasm) mitochondrial matrix mitochondrial inner membrane | mito inner membrane |
| Mitosis is done to Meiosis is done by | make more of a specific body cell certain cells in ovaries or testes to create gametes (eggs or sperm) |
| Define Meiosis | a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores. |
| Define Cross over | the equal exchange of DNA between chromosomes |
| Define Independent Assortment | Chromosomes pairs are pushed to the middle of the cell in Metaphase I This random alignment affects which chromosome in the pair will get into a daughter cell when they are separated in Anaphase I |
| Define Gamete | are the reproductive cells used during sexual reproduction to produce a new organism called a zygote. Female: egg or ova Male: sperm |
| Mitosis may be divided into the following stages: | Prophase - Start of mitosis Prometaphase - Setting up chromosome alignment Metaphase - Chromosomes line up in middle of cell Anaphase - Sister chromatids separate Telophase - Final steps of chromosome division |
| Which of the following statements is true about crossing over? It occurs in mitosis. It occurs in Meiosis II. It ensures that gametes will be genetically identical. It is the equal exchange of DNA between chromosomes. All of the above are true | It is the equal exchange of DNA between chromosomes. |
| What does meiosis and mitosis differ from each other? | Mitosis has one round of cell division, meiosis has two rounds Mitosis results in identical daughter cells, meiosis does not A cell that is diploid would produce two diploid daughter cells in mitosis, four haploid daughter cells in meiosis |
| The correct sequence of phases in mitosis, from first to last, is: | Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
| If a cell is 2n, when it completes meiosis each of its daughter cells will be | n |
| If a cell is 2n, when it completes mitosis each of its daughter cells will be | 2n |
| A cell makes many preparations for cell division. This time of preparation is called ____________ . Prophase I Interphase Telophase II Prometaphase | interphase |
| The protein structure that forms during cell division to assist in separating chromosomes is called a: Spindle, Chromatid, Centromere, Nuclear envelope | spindle |
| In animals, somatic cells divide by ___________ to produce new somatic cells. mitosis, meiosis | mitosis |
| In animals, what type of cell division produces gametes? Mitosis Meiosis | meiosis |
| in what ways are mitosis and meiosis similar? | Both can be divided into different phases A spindle forms to separate chromosomes The cell's chromosomes are duplicated in preparation |
| What is the role of carbohydrates? | provide energy, as they are the body's main source of fuel, needed for physical activity,. All the cells and tissues in your body need carbs, and they are also important for intestinal health and waste elimination. |
| An organelle called the ___________ produces many types of lipids for various cell functions. nucleus, mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum | smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| Which of the following is true about the nucleus? It produces and stores lipids, It contains and protects DNA, It is found in prokaryotic cells, It ships molecules to their final destination | it contains and protects DNA |
| The ___________ is responsible for most of the process of cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells. nucleus, mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum | the mitochondrion |
| An organelle called the ___________ provides a place for many proteins to fold into their 3-D shape. nucleus, mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum | rough ER |
| A __________ is a protein fiber that helps to maintain cell shape and assists with the mobility of some cells. microtubule, microfilament, intermediate filament | microtubule |
| The ___________ receives macromolecules, modifies and sorts them, then sends them to their final destination. nucleus, mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum | golgi app |
| A ___________ contains enzymes designed to break down macromolecules and food particles. nucleus, lysosome, cytoskeleton, Golgi apparatus, smooth endoplasmic reticulum | lysosomes |
| What is the Cell Thoery | statements is a principle of the Cell Theory? The cell is the basic unit of life. All organisms are made of cells. New cells are created from existing cells. |
| Which of the following is a structure found in all cells? | Plasma membrane |
| What structure is responsible for making proteins for various cell functions? | ribosomes |
| Which biomolecules is found in a plasma membrane? | Lipid Protein Carbohydrate |
| Which of the following statements about receptors is true? Many proteins function as receptors., Receptors assist in cell-cell communication., Receptors can be found on the surface of cells., All of the above, None of the above | all are true |
| In diffusion, net movement occurs from an area of _________ concentration to an area of __________ concentration. | high to low |
| Osmosis describe the diffusion of _________ . | water |
| Which of the following statements is false about plasma membranes? Plasma membranes serve as barriers,. Plasma membranes are found in all cells., Large molecules can easily pass through a membrane., Aplasma membrane contains two phospholipid layers. | Large molecules can easily pass through a membrane., |
| Smooth ER | Makes lipids, such as phospholipids and steroids Some specialized functions: In muscle cells: Stores calcium ions to aid muscle contraction In liver cells: Helps to get rid of drugs and toxins |
Created by:
alexisgalindo