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Practice exam
Study questions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Remove the tourniquet within one minute to avoid? | Hemoconcentration |
| Hemolysis | Damage or destruction of RBCs and release of hemoglobin into the fluid portion of a specimen, causing the serum color range from pink (slight hemolysis) to red (gross hemolysis) |
| Hemolyzed | The condition of serum plasma that contains hemoglobin from broken RBCs. |
| Hemoconcentration | A condition in which blood components that cannot easily leave the bloodstream become concentrated in the smaller plasma volume. |
| Hemostasis | Process by which the body stops the leakage of blood from the vascular system after injury; also known as the coagulation process. |
| Heparin | Anticoagulant that prevents clotting by inhibiting thrombin formation. |
| Glycolysis | The breakdown of or metabolism of glucose (blood sugar) by blood cells. |
| DOT (Department of Transportation) | Helps collectors and collection site managers appreciate their role in the integrity and security of the urine drug screening at their workplace. |
| If EDTA tube contamination occurred, which test would be affected? | Potassium level |
| Hematoma | A swelling or mass of blood that is caused by blood leaking from a blood vessel during or following procedure. |
| How does a hematoma occur? | Improper site selection, imprecise needle insertion, and inadequate pressure applied by the phlebotomist following needle withdraw. |
| Having a patient bend their elbow to apply pressure can cause what? | Hematoma formation |
| What can be avoided by removing the tourniquet within one minute? | Hemoconcentration |
| What is the correct procedure for an LAP blood smear? | Wipe away the first drop of blood and touch the next drop against the slide |
| When blood collected in a syringe must be placed in evacuated tubes it is best if.. | a blood transfer device is attached to the syringe. |
| If serum is left to remain on the blood clot for more than one hour, what most likely will occur? | Serum glucose levels decrease |
| If a patient is critical or an antibiotic needs to be given right away, and two blood culture sets are collected | immediately from two different sites. |
| Which of the following would be the very first step in performing a routine venipuncture on a patient? | Identify yourself |
| During venipuncture, a hematoma may result from what? | Needle bevel is partially inserted into a vein |
| The liquid portion of an anticoagulated blood specimen is called | Serum |
| A collapsed vein will cause a | cessation of blood flow. |
| When is a phlebotomist allowed to use ankle veins to draw blood? | With a physician’s order |
| Which of the following is the most critically affected analyte in a hemolyzed specimen | Potassium |
| You have properly prepared the antecubital venipuncture site, you have the corrrect collection device and enter the vein at a 20 degree angle. Is this the proper angle of insertion? | No, 30 degrees is the correct angle for the needle to be inserted into the skin |
| Specimens are scheduled for collection at specific times for different reasons, what is one of them? | Patients must be tested 2 hours before meals |
| If blood begins to flow and then stops when an evacuated tube is pushed into the needle the most likely cause is the | bevel of the needle resting against the vein wall. |
| A falsely decreased blood alcohol level may be obtained if | the tube is only partially filled. |
| A normal cerebrospinal fluid specimen should appear | clear and colorless. |
| Blood specimens that need to be shipped off-site by mail systems must be packaged in accordance with the | FAA and DOT |
| Alcohol pads are not used when collecting a blood alcohol specimen because the practice will | be considered invalid if presented in court. |
| If a small-bore needle is used with a large-volume tube to collect a blood sample, what if anything will likely take place with respect to the sample? | a container immersed in a slurry of crushed ice and water. |
| A quality fasting urine specimen is collected | 8 hours after eating. |
| Leaving tubes filled with blood in a rack without mixing will cause | clotting. |
| A major advantage of point of care testing (POCT) is | faster turnaround time (TAT). |
| Arterial blood collected in a plastic syringe for arterial blood gas (ABG) testing that may be delayed in testing should be transported to the laboratory: | in an ice slurry. |
| Residual urine is | urine remaining in the bladder after voiding. |
| Exposure to light decreases concentrates in certain specimens. These specimens must be protected from light to prevent analytical errors. | Ammonia and Beta-carotene |
| The standard urine value for protein is | negative. |
| Which section is found in the Anatomical Pathology section of the clinical laboratory? | Cytology |
| When blood is collected from a patient, the serum should be separated from the blood cells as quickly as possible to avoid | Hemolysis |
| The need for ____ occurs when a physician's schedule changes to include evening and weekend hours. | flexibility |
| What is the most common type of urine sample that may be obtained at any time of the day? | random urine specimen |
| When a patient with the flu describes how he has been unable to sleep, the empathic phlebotomist most appropriately responds with | "I know how the flu can disrupt sleep." |
| How long does the College of American Pathologists (CAP) recommend discontinuing drugs that interfere with blood tests prior to a procedure? | 4-24 hours |
| Customer service would least likely include | Complexity |
| Anything that distorts a message in any way or interferes with the communication process is called | noise. |
| Some fax machines use thermal paper, which | reacts to heat and electricity. |
| The processed information or data generated by a computer to be received by the user is referred to as | output |
| What would be used to store data outside the CPU? | Universal Serial Bus |
| The reaction resulting from a slowed heart rate and lowered blood pressure causing decreased blood flow to the brain is | syncope. |
| Blood specimens should be drawn according to standards of the | Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) |
| Which agency should a medical facility contact for proper information regarding the disposal of medical waste? | OSHA |
| In order to avoid electrical hazards or injury | do not use extension cords. |
| A healthcare professional that stops care without providing an equally qualified substitute can be charged with | abandonment. |
| Four elements must be present for a medical malpractice case and are often used as guidelines, what is not considered one of the elements? | Code of ethics |
| is sufficient proof that deviation from a standard of care has occurred? | Documentation |
| What charge can be brought against a phlebotomist who attempts to collect a blood specimen without the patient’s consent? | Battery |
| Malpractice lawsuits are part of ____ law. | Civil |
| A protein that aids in clotting and is manufactured in the liver is | Fibrinogen |
| What system maintains balance between water, salts and acids? | Urinary system |
| The prefix endo- means | within |
| Cardiac muscle is stimulated by what type of nervous system? | Autonomic |
| Of the following, which is the least desirable, vein to use for venipuncture? | basilic vein. |
| A falsely decreased blood alcohol level may be obtained if | the tube is only partially filled. |
| What antiseptic should the phlebotomy technician use to collect a blood culture? | Chlorhexidine gluconate |
| A postprandial specimen is collected | Immediately after a meal. |
| How far above the venipuncture site should the tourniquet be wrapped around the arm | 3 to 4 inches |
| The phlebotomist would collect a blood sample in a tube containing the anticoagulant sodium citrate (which inhibits glycolysis) for which type of laboratory test | Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) |
| What abnormal color will be observed in serum collected from a patient with jaundice due to elevated bilirubin levels | Yellow |
| Older patients are more prone to hematoma formation because | their veins have decreased elasticity. |
| A basal-state specimen, used to establish reference ranges for inpatients, is best collected | early in the morning, after fasting for 12 hours. |
| A skin puncture is preferred over a venipuncture when the patient | has severe burns. |
| Petechiae are tiny, nonraised red spots on a patient’s skin when the tourniquet is applied. This indicates, that | site may bleed excessively. |
| Leaving tubes filled with blood in a rack without mixing will cause | clotting |
| A synovial fluid specimen is obtained from | a joint. |
| Testing for human chorionic gonadotropin assesses the status of | pregnancy in women. |
| Which of the following nosocomial infections are most prevalent | Urinary tract infections |
| The addition of which preservative allows urine to be stored at room temperature while still providing results comparable to refrigerated urine? | Boric acid. |
| What type of catheter used for wound drainage, leads into the bladder ? | Drainage. |
| Which type of catheter is inserted after plastic repair of the ureter and must remain in place for at least a week after surgery? | Splinting. |
| Blood cultures are performed to test for | Septicemia |
| A physician must be consulted prior to performing a venipuncture or capillary puncture on | a prior mastectomy patient |
| Six months after beginning employment a healthcare worker is given a sample by the POCT supervisor and is asked to perform a screening test for group A Strep and return the results to the supervisor. The employee is performing | competency testing. |
| The world's largest publisher of scientific and medical information is the | American Medical Association. |
| The timing for a glucose test begins | when the patient finishes drinking the glucose. |
| The physician orders peak and trough blood specimens for therapeutic drug monitoring of a drug taken orally. You collect the peak specimen at the appropriate time. You should then instruct the patient to return for the trough specimen | just before the patient takes their next dose. |
| One of the most important pieces of communication equipment in a medical practice is the | Telephone |
| Which of the following devices answers calls for you and separates requests into categories so you can answer them efficiently? | automated menu |
| Which of the following information on a specimen label is not optional? | Time specimen was collected |
| Which of the following statements is true regarding bloodborne pathogens? | HBV has been found to be stable in dried blood and blood products for up to 7 days. |
| Which document is required by OSHA, which provides guidelines regarding the handling and storage of chemical? | MSDS |
| When a physician is terminating the care of a patient, physician is | Withdrawing from the case. |
| What is the document called in which a patient names someone to make decisions regarding medical care in the event he or she is unable to do so? | durable power of attorney |
| Blood vessels are lined with the same cells as the heart’s | Endocardium |
| The CDC implemented two levels of precautions to prevent healthcare-acquired infections. The first precaution level is | Standard |
| When a laboratory requires “whole blood” it is asking for the | Total volume of plasma and formed elements |
| The abbreviation HAI stands for | Health Associated Infections |
Created by:
shanara16