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A&P Chapter 18

QuestionAnswer
Transport blood, regulates blood flow, control blood pressure, secrete chemicals Function blood vessels
Distribution, supply tissues blood Arteries
Exchange system, capillary beds, exchange gases Capillaries
Collection system, drain blood capillaries return heart Veins
Central space Lumen
Several tissue layers Tunics
Innermost, endothelium, smooth surface, elastic fibers Tunica intima
Middle, smooth muscle cells arranged circular Tunica media
Smooth muscle cells control diameter Tunica media
Tunica adventitia Tunica externa
Outermost, dense irregular CT, supports, prevents overstretching Tunica externa
Tiny vessels supply tunica media/externa Vaso vasora
Conducting arteries, largest diameter Elastic arteries
Distributors, thick walled, developed tunica media Muscular arteries
Includes most named arteries supply organs Muscular arteries
Smallest arteries, contain 3 thin layer walls Arterioles
Smallest arterioles Metarterioles
Directly feed capillary bed, control tissue BF Arterioles
70% blood located here Veins
Function as blood reservoirs Veins
Thinner walls, fewer elastic, less smooth muscle, larger lumens Veins
Smallest veins, drain capillary bed blood Venules
Thin tunica media, few muscle cells Veins
Contain venous valves, prevent backflow Veins
Locations vessels connect via collateral vessels Vascular anastomoses
Exist organs heart/brain, around joints Arterial anastomoses
Most common anastomoses Venous anastomoses
Formed when blood flow blocked Arterial anastomoses
Neighboring veins connected small Formed, weblike Venous anastomoses
Artery empties into vein w/o passing capillary bed Arteriovenous anastomoses
Physiology blood flow cardiovascular system Hemodynamics
Volume blood flows per minute Blood flow
Directly proportional pressure gradient, inversely resistance Factors determine blood flow
Outward force blood exerts vessel walls Blood pressure
Expressed units millimeters mercury, mm Hg Blood pressure
Resistance, cardiac output, blood volume Factors determine blood pressure
Any impedance blood flow Resistance
Inversely relayed blood vessel radius Resistance
Radius quickest variable change Resistance
Inherent resistance liquids have to flow Blood viscocity
Longer vessel, greater resistance Blood vessel length
Blood flow layered, fastest in center Laminar flow
Product stroke volume times heart rate Cardiac output
Pressure change caused by CO/peripheral resistance Determine circulation
CO increases, BP increases CO=BP
Blood volume increases, blood pressure increases BV=BP
Increases BV offset ability vessels stretch Compliance
Most compliant vessels Veins
Low pressure, high compliance, declining resistance Veins
Prevent backflow in veins Venous valves
Smooth muscle contracts increase flow Veins
Skeletal muscles squeeze push blood up Skeletal muscle pumps
Propels blood thoracic abominable Respiratory pump
Negative feedback loop responds increase BP Baroreceptors reflex
Feedback loop results vasoconstriction/increase BP Chemoreceptor
Respond blood oxygen level, breathing Peripheral chemoreceptors
Respond decrease pH brain interstitial fluid Central chemoreceptors
Indirectly increases sympathetic neurons, results vasoconstriction/increase BP Central chemoreceptors
Smallest blood vessels Capillary
Blood flow tissue through capillary bed Tissue perfusion
Epithelial, cartilage, sclerosis, cornea Tissues not perfused
Extremely thin, endothelium rolled tube, small basal lamina Capillary
Consist contracting filaments, control BF Pericytes
Contain 1-3 endothelial cells joined tight juclnctions Capillary walls
Majority, located muscles, skin nervous/connective tissue Continuous capillaries
Least leaky, paracellular cells joined tight junctions Continuous capillaries
Endothelial cells contain fenestrations Fenestrated capillaries
Pores allow quick diffusion Fenestrated capillaries
Leakiest, discontinuous endothelium, irregular basal lamina Sinusoidal capillaries
3-4 times larger, irregular shape, located liver Sinusoidal capillaries
Water/small substances move freely through pores Diffusion/osmosis
Lipid solubles enter exit membrane Diffusion through membranes
Used larger molecules, endocytosis then exocytosis Transcytosis
Flow blood within capillary beds Microcirculation
BF true capillaries, small central vessel Microcirculation
Interweaving networks multiple anastomoses True capillaries
Fed proximal end central vessel True capillaries
Lacks precapillary sphincters Thoroughfare channel
Precapillary sphincter closes, blood flows metarteriole - Thoroughfare channel, venule Thoroughfare channel
Tissue perfusion regulated local factors Autoregulation
Two types autoregulatory controls Myogenic mechanism metabolic controls
Movement fluid by force, pressure/gravity Filtration
Force fluid exerts container wall Hydrostatic pressure
Equal to blood pressure Hydrostatic pressure
Fluid flows higher to lower pressure Hydrostatic pressure
Movement water lower to higher Osmosis
Determined number solute particles Osmolarity
Sole particles exert force on water molecules Osmotic pressure
Determined number particles, not size Osmotic pressure
Pressure created proteins within capillary plasma Colloid Osmotic pressure
Oncotic pressure Colloid Osmotic pressure
Difference between HP pushing water out, COP pulling water in Net filtration pressure
Created by: dcbuxton
 

 



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