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GACE Soc/Read/ELa
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A language arts teacher requires students keep a reading response journal. The primary purpose of a reading response journal is to | facilitate student interactions with a text. The most important function of a reading response journal is to capture student-text interactions. |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of the language experience approach (LEA) ? | Focus on language as the bridge between the oral and written language. he language experience approach focuses on children's ability to produce language as a bridge between the spoken and written language. |
| Which of the following is a research-based method for improving a student’s reading fluency? | Providing many opportunities to students to reread the same passage. Research indicates that repeated readings improve fluency. The repetition helps students improve recognition and recall of sight words. |
| The language experience approach (LEA) | is a whole language approach that promotes reading and writing through the use of personal experiences and oral language. It can be used in tutorial or classroom settings with homogeneous or heterogeneous groups of learners. |
| A teacher is concerned that many intermediate-level students use nonstandard English in their speech and writing. A colleague who has kept abreast of recent trends is most likely to advise the teacher to | provide examples of experiences from which the students can conclude that different usage styles are appropriate in different situations. |
| A teacher is concerned that many intermediate-level students use nonstandard English in their speech and writing. A colleague who has kept abreast of recent trends is most likely to advise the teacher to | Providing examples of standard English and allowing students to explicitly learn the differences between their home languages and academic language without judgment allows students to transition more easily. |
| Which of the following is an effective instructional strategy for helping kindergarten students develop an understanding of concepts about print? | Modeling how to track during shared reading. Children are more likely to attend to print when engaged in shared reading with an adult who uses print-referencing behavior. |
| Each day, Ms. Nelson sings songs with her kindergarten students during calendar time. Using a chart with song lyrics on it, she taps her pointer on each word as she sings it with her students. She is demonstrating | concept of print. The teacher is demonstrating concept of print by using her pointer to show one-to-one correspondence for the words in the song. |
| The best way to develop students’ metacognitive skills is for teachers to do which of the following? | Advocate and model the use of self-questioning strategies during reading. To create strategic readers, it is important to show students how to use the strategy and be explicit about why the strategy is helpful to them. |
| The best way to develop students’ metacognitive skills is for teachers to do which of the following? | . Metacognitive strategies are used to ensure that a goal has been reached (e.g., quizzing oneself to evaluate one's understanding of a text). |
| Which of the following concepts is best supported by current research on emergent literacy? | Reading and writing develop in children concurrently and in interrelated ways. Research has shown that both reading and writing require interaction between the reader and text that lead to new knowledge and interpretations. |
| A teacher is designing an instructional plan for a small group of fifth-grade students who are having difficulty decoding unfamiliar multisyllabic words. The most appropriate approach to address the students’ need is to teach them to | look for affixes and morphemes in multisyllabic words. Research suggests that teaching students to recognize affixes and morphemes is an effective way to aid students in decoding multisyllabic words. |
| Students who know how to use structural analysis to learn a new word can use that skill to best understand which of the following words? | Abnormal. Structural analysis is the use of prefixes, suffixes, and root words to understand the meaning of an unknown word. |
| Students who know how to use structural analysis to learn a new word can use that skill to best understand which of the following words? | The word “abnormal,” being the only word that has a prefix and a root word, is the best word to use when teaching structural analysis. |
| A campus initiative ensuring that curriculum follows common streams from kindergarten through twelfth grade reflects the importance of which of the following? | Vertical alignment. Vertical alignment refers to a curriculum in which there are common streams that flow throughout a student's educative experience. |
| Words that cannot be sounded out according to regular pronunciation rules are called irregular words. Which of the following lists contains irregular words? | Do, said, was, of. It contains irregular words with letters that do not represent their most common sounds. “Do,” “said,” “was,” and “of” all have irregular pronunciations. |
| A teacher has students read a passage and then asks the students to think about the following questions. Why does the writer use these words to describe the situation? | Tone. The questions will help the students focus on the author’s tone. |
| A teacher has students read a passage and then asks the students to think about the following questions. What types of adjectives and adverbs does the author use for description? | Tone. The questions will help the students focus on the author’s tone. |
| A teacher has students read a passage and then asks the students to think about the following questions. What are the denotations and connotations of the words the author uses? | Tone. The questions will help the students focus on the author’s tone. |
| The questions will help the students focus on the author’s tone. | Presenting a word visually and asking students to say it. This is the very first strategy a teacher utilizes when introducing high-frequency words to students. |
| Bandwagon Testimonial Rewards Glittering generality Question: The above mentioned devices should most likely be taught when studying which of the following genres? | Persuasive. The four devices are used to persuade readers. Narrative, biographical, and poetry do not utilize the devices. |
| A middle school English teacher is preparing a novel study unit in the genre of historical fiction. Initially, students will select a novel from a collection and then discussion groups will be established. | My Brother Sam is Dead, The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, Copper Sun. These titles are all historical fiction. |
| A middle school teacher wants students to support their ideas with evidence from the text they are reading. Which of the following strategies will best help the teacher achieve this goal? | The double-entry journal strategy enables students to record their responses to text as they read. |
| A middle school teacher wants students to support their ideas with evidence from the text they are reading. Which of the following strategies will best help the teacher achieve this goal? | Students write down phrases or sentences from their assigned reading and then write their own reaction to that passage. |
| A middle school teacher wants students to support their ideas with evidence from the text they are reading. Which of the following strategies will best help the teacher achieve this goal? | The purpose of this strategy is to give students the opportunity to express their thoughts and become actively involved with the material they read. |
| I wonder what caused the start of the American Revolution. I read that King George decided to close the port after the Patriots dumped out the tea. He told them that nothing could go in or out of the port until the tea was paid for. | Making inferences. The teacher uses information and details from the text to support conclusions or inferences. |
| Which of the following is the first step a parent can take to promote phonological development in their children? | Play rhyming games with one-syllable words |
| Which of the following is the first step a parent can take to promote phonological development in their children? | Phonological awareness is a broad skill that includes identifying and manipulating units of oral language (parts such as words, syllables, and onsets and rimes). |
| Which of the following is the first step a parent can take to promote phonological development in their children? | Children who have phonological awareness are able to identify and make oral rhymes, can clap out the number of syllables in a word, and can recognize words with the same initial sounds like “money” and “mother.” |
| While working on a writing assignment, Norah asks a peer to listen to her reading of the rough draft and to offer suggestions for clarifying, expanding, or condensing parts of the draft. | Revising means to take a look at something from a fresh, critical perspective. It is an ongoing process of rethinking the paper: |
| While working on a writing assignment, Norah asks a peer to listen to her reading of the rough draft and to offer suggestions for clarifying, expanding, or condensing parts of the draft. | reconsidering your arguments, reviewing your evidence, refining your purpose, reorganizing your presentation, and reviving stale prose. In this case, the writer is using a peer as a resource for revision. |
| Which of the following uses curriculum design to promote an adolescent's motivation to read? | Offering students a choice of supplemental reading materials. Empowering students to make decisions about topics and selections of materials fosters greater student ownership and responsibility for engagement, which positively affects motivation. |
| A fifth-grade teacher wants to increase the opportunity for students to craft authentic writing assignments that are based on a historical novel that the class is reading. Which of the following activities will best accomplish the teacher’s goal? | A letter to an author has both an authentic audience and topic. When students' writing has an authentic audience beyond the classroom teacher, they can see a direct connection between their lives and their literacy development. |
| Which of the following is likely to promote the greatest increase in the number of words a fifth-grade student struggling with automaticity can decode? | Providing direct instruction on phonemic and structural word analysis. Providing direct instruction on phonemic and structural word analysis will promote the most improvement in fluency and automaticity. |
| A second-grade teacher administers an informal reading inventory (IRI) to students in September. | readers' theater allows students to practice their fluency skills through oral reading. Hasbrouck, J. (2006). |
| The teacher discovers that three students are reading grade-level texts with accuracy, but their oral reading fluency is below grade level. The best instructional intervention for the students is to group the students together and assign | readers' theater allows students to practice their fluency skills through oral reading. Hasbrouck, J. (2006). |
| Which of the following is a type of assessment that uses information from a student’s family about how the student functions at home and information from direct teacher observation on how the student functions at school? | Informal. The description best characterizes informal assessments. Information is gathered from home and school through direct observations. |
| students engage in a close reading of a literary passage. “As students read, I walk around the classroom and observe their annotations. I encourage students to mark sections of text that they don’t understand, and I look for patterns in their responses.” | The best next step the teacher should take is to use the data he or she collects while moving around the classroom as a formative assessment. |
| students engage in a close reading of a literary passage. “As students read, I walk around the classroom and observe their annotations. I encourage students to mark sections of text that they don’t understand, and I look for patterns in their responses.” | use the recorded comments as a formative assessment to drive further instruction |
| students engage in a close reading of a literary passage. “As students read, I walk around the classroom and observe their annotations. I encourage students to mark sections of text that they don’t understand, and I look for patterns in their responses.” | Because some students were confused by the same section of the text, the teacher needs to plan to model reading that section through an instructional technique such as a think-aloud. |
| students engage in a close reading of a literary passage. “As students read, I walk around the classroom and observe their annotations. I encourage students to mark sections of text that they don’t understand, and I look for patterns in their responses.” | The teacher intervention, classroom discussion, and subsequent rereadings for different purposes following the close reading will assist the students who are having difficulty to better comprehend the text. |
| Which of the following evaluative measures indicates the degree to which a test assesses what it is supposed to assess? | Validity is a measure of the degree to which a test measures what it purports to measure; e.g., reading vocabulary, comprehension, fluency. |
| Justin, a fourth-grade student, takes a norm-referenced reading test and receives a stanine score of 7 on a vocabulary subtest. Which of the following best describes Justin’s level of performance on the subtest? | Stanine is a measure that represents a student’s performance compared to that of other students. Above average |
| Justin, a fourth-grade student, takes a norm-referenced reading test and receives a stanine score of 7 on a vocabulary subtest. Which of the following best describes Justin’s level of performance on the subtest? | “Stanine” is a statistical term that is a combination of the words standard and nine. A stanine is a point on a nine-point scale with the points 1, 2, and 3 being below average, 4, 5, and 6 being average, and 7, 8, and 9 being above average. |
| Which of the following statements best describes test reliability in both formal and informal assessments? | A student’s performance would be generally consistent if the same test were administered a number of times. |
| Which of the following statements best describes test reliability in both formal and informal assessments? | To be useful, formal and informal assessments should be reliable; i.e., yielding consistent results. If the same test is given to the same students a number of times, the results should be approximately the same. |
| A teacher wants to expose students to a wide range of genres. One week the teacher has students select a book in which a moral is taught and animals speak. The genre of literature students are being asked to examine can best be described as a | Fables present a useful truth or lesson. Often the characters are animals that speak as if they are human. |
| plans to consider text complexity in selecting print resources to include in a unit on the ancient Roman Empire. Which of the following is a component of the quantitative dimension related to text complexity that the teacher should keep in mind? | Word frequency |
| plans to consider text complexity in selecting print resources to include in a unit on the ancient Roman Empire. Which of the following is a component of the quantitative dimension related to text complexity that the teacher should keep in mind? | word frequency is a quantitative measure of text complexity. The terms “quantitative dimensions” and “quantitative factors” refer to those aspects of text complexity, such as word length or frequency, sentence length, and text cohesion |
| A teacher accommodates instruction for an English-language learner (ELL) in class by having the student answer comprehension questions with a small group of peers. A primary benefit of the peer conversation for the ELL is that it | fosters use of academic language |
| A teacher accommodates instruction for an English-language learner (ELL) in class by having the student answer comprehension questions with a small group of peers. A primary benefit of the peer conversation for the ELL is that it | Academic language enables students to understand and apply academic content in school. This includes listening, speaking, reading, and writing about subject-area content material. |
| teacher allows students the option of using a blank character-analysis graphic organizer that the class used on a previous assignment. The teacher is best demonstrating awareness of equitable assessment procedures by implementing which of the following? | Scaffolding. The graphic organizer may be used to scaffold a student’s response on the assessment. |
| teacher allows students the option of using a blank character-analysis graphic organizer that the class used on a previous assignment. The teacher is best demonstrating awareness of equitable assessment procedures by implementing which of the following? | The student is being provided support in responding to the assessment prompt, without compromising the student’s ability to demonstrate mastery of character analysis. |
| A teacher asks students to compare the lyrics of a current song with the lyrics of an eighteenth-century poem. Based on the scenario above, please indicate which of the following the teacher is trying to help students develop. | Literary interest and Schema expansion |
| A teacher asks students to compare the lyrics of a current song with the lyrics of an eighteenth-century poem. Based on the scenario above, please indicate which of the following the teacher is trying to help students develop. | In this case, the student’s interest is the current music and the schema is the pattern of thought that organizes the information (i.e., limited knowledge of the forms and language of poetry from a specific time period). |
| A teacher asks students to compare the lyrics of a current song with the lyrics of an eighteenth-century poem. Based on the scenario above, please indicate which of the following the teacher is trying to help students develop. | Since the student had not yet thought of poetry in the context of song, the teacher is expanding the understanding of the student (schema) into a previously unknown area of interest. Social consciousness is not being addressed in this activity. |
| A student predicts that because of his limited background on the topic, the reading will be difficult. The student expects his comprehension of the text to be poor.The scenario indicates that the student demonstrates metacognitive knowledge of | Oneself as a learner. Typically, readers know the extent of their background of a particular subject and know themselves as readers. These factors influence their ability to read and often their attitudes toward reading a particular text. |
| During the nineteenth century Georgia's economy, along with that of many other Southern states, relied on cotton as its largest agricultural commodity. | Georgia's most important cash crop during the nineteenth century was |
| Which of the following were weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? | the United States Congress did not have the power to collect taxes or raise an army. This greatly hindered the ability of the national government to provide services, solve territorial disputes, and conduct foreign policy. |
| Those that opposed the ratification of the Constitution during the years 1787 and 1788 feared that ratification would | weaken the power of the states. Those who supported the Constitution’s strengthening of the national federal government were called Federalists. |
| Those that opposed the ratification of the Constitution during the years 1787 and 1788 feared that ratification would | weaken the power of the states. Those who opposed it were called Anti-Federalists. One of the Anti-Federalists’ great worries was that the independence and sovereignty of individual states would be eroded. |
| Which of the following caused Thomas Jefferson to hesitate when making the Louisiana Purchase? | Thomas Jefferson believed that the president should exercise only powers expressly enumerated by the United States Constitution. |
| Which of the following caused Thomas Jefferson to hesitate when making the Louisiana Purchase? | Since the Constitution did not expressly grant the president the power to purchase territory, he was hesitant to purchase the Louisiana territory. |
| Which of the following caused Thomas Jefferson to hesitate when making the Louisiana Purchase? | Conflict over the issue of slavery and Emergence of different regional economies |
| Which of the following caused Thomas Jefferson to hesitate when making the Louisiana Purchase? | In the years leading up to the Civil War, sectional differences emerged as major points of contention between the North and South. |
| Which of the following caused Thomas Jefferson to hesitate when making the Louisiana Purchase? | The North had an industrialized economy, did not permit slavery, and largely supported the abolition of slavery. |
| Which of the following caused Thomas Jefferson to hesitate when making the Louisiana Purchase? | The South, on the other hand, had an agricultural economy, relied on slave labor to produce crops, and supported the continuation of that system. |
| During the twentieth century, urbanization and technological advances led to which of the following changes in farming in the United States? | Fewer farms and fewer farmers. |
| Rosa Parks’ actions on the evening of December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, constituted a protest against segregation in | the public transportation system |
| Which of the following most directly led to the expansion of the electorate to include 18-year-olds? | During the Vietnam War, 18-year-olds were drafted into the military, but lacked the right to vote. Activism over this issue led to the passage of the Twenty-sixth Amendment, which granted all citizens eighteen and older the right to vote. |
| Since the 1970s the population in the United States has shifted in that | The Northeast, once the most populous region of the United States, has steadily lost population relative to the South due to rapid economic growth in the South and slower economic growth in the Northeast. |
| In which of the following job markets in the United States did the number of workers decline between 1990-1999 ? | Manufacturing jobs declined between 1990 and 1999 while service, communications, and education opportunities increased |
| European imperialism during the nineteenth century was largely driven by the desire to | Imperialism in the nineteenth century was largely fueled by the desire to gain access to valuable raw materials in order to support industrialization and economic growth in Europe. |
| Which of the following were effects of European colonization on Latin America? | American population which lacked immunity to European diseases. Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Latin America also developed a highly stratified racial caste system with Spaniards at the top and African slaves and Native Americans at the bottom. |
| Convicts composed the first European settlers of which of the following countries? | In 1788, the British colony of New South Wales was established on what is today Australia. Of the initial approximately 1,000 settlers, 788 were convicts relocated from overcrowded prisons in Great Britain. |
| Which of the following was a condition placed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles after the First World War? | The Treaty of Versailles deemed Germany the aggressor in the First World War and mandated that they pay harsh reparations as compensation for the damages caused by the war. |
| Which of the following is a root cause of historical and continued conflicts in Africa? | European powers divided Africa into colonies without regard for ethnic divisions. |
| Which of the following is a root cause of historical and continued conflicts in Africa? | This has resulted in ongoing conflict throughout Africa during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries between various ethnic groups over who controls economic resources, the government, and other levers of power in a shared country. |
| Which of the following identifies the two most important natural resources in the Middle East? | Oil and water are both vital resources in Southwest Asia (the Middle East). |
| Which of the following identifies the two most important natural resources in the Middle East? | The economies of many Southwest Asian countries are dependent on oil, which is abundant in the region. On the other hand, water is a precious resource due to its relative scarcity. |
| Zionism contributed to the Arab-Israeli conflict in that it | Zionism was a nationalistic movement that advocated the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine to serve as a refuge for Jewish people who faced discrimination in Europe. This sparked conflict with Palestinians already living in Palestine. |
| Which of the following was one major cause of the Vietnam War? | The Vietnam War was caused by a struggle over control of the country between the communist government of North Vietnam and non-communist government in South Vietnam after French colonial rule ended. |
| Apartheid in South Africa was best described as | Apartheid refers to a policy of racial segregation sanctioned by South Africa's government against nonwhite citizens. |
| Apartheid in South Africa was best described as | Apartheid later expanded to exclude Black South Africans from political representation and citizenship. |
| Apartheid in South Africa was best described as | The National Party first used the term in 1948 to discuss its political platform and in 1950 proceeded to pass legislation establishing separate residential and commercial areas for White and Black residents. |
| Which of the following has been a primary cause of soil depletion in deforested rain forest environments? | The introduction of cash-crop agriculture |
| Which of the following has been a primary cause of soil depletion in deforested rain forest environments? | . The primary cause of soil depletion after deforestation has been cattle ranching and the raising of cash crops that are not suitable for the soil. The crops deplete the soil’s fertility after a year or two. |
| Which of the following has been a primary cause of soil depletion in deforested rain forest environments? | This question tests your knowledge of the effects of human activity on rain forest environments |
| What major geographic feature in North America separates the rivers and streams that flow toward the Pacific Ocean from those that flow toward the Atlantic Ocean? | The Continental Divide is the series of mountain ridges extending from Alaska to Mexico that forms the watershed of North America. Most of the divide runs along peaks of the Rocky Mountains. In the United States, it is often called the Great Divide. |
| Which of the following has most influenced where humans have settled throughout history? | Availability of water has had the greatest impact on where humans have settled throughout history. Proximity to a body of water provides drinking water, irrigation for crops, and access to transportation and trade. |
| Which of the following countries, because its location made it unusually well-placed to control trade during the Renaissance, rose to prominence in the 1700s? | Great Britain’s geographical location between Continental Europe and the New World allowed it to control trade networks during a period of rapid exploration and commercial expansion. |
| Which of the following physical features covers most of North Africa? | he Sahara is a vast desert that covers most of northern Africa. |
| Which of the following rivers forms most of the border between Georgia and South Carolina? | The Savannah River defines most of the boundary between Georgia and South Carolina. |
| Which of the following statements is true of the United States Congress? | It writes and passes national laws. |
| Which of the following statements is true of the United States Congress? | The judicial branch interprets laws, and the executive branch appoints justices and grants pardons.. |
| Which of the following statements is true of the United States Congress? | It is the responsibility of the Senate and House of Representatives, |
| Which of the following statements is true of the United States Congress? | Each state government has a department of education, which sets up rules and standards for the public schools in the state.together constituting the legislative branch of the United States government, to write and pass national laws |
| Which of the following is guaranteed by the Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution? | Protection of the individual from unfair actions by the federal government |
| Which of the following is guaranteed by the Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution? | While the Bill of Rights (1791) protects individuals from unfair actions by the federal government, it does not guarantee absolute freedom. |
| Which of the following is guaranteed by the Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution? | An individual’s rights are limited when they conflict with the rights of others and the safety and health of the community. The Bill of Rights did not abolish slavery. |
| The president of the United States appoints which of the following? | Of the four choices, only federal appellate court judges are appointed by the president. |
| Which of the following accurately describes a significant difference between the House of Representatives and the Senate? | The allowance of unlimited debate in the Senate reflects a key distinction between the chambers of Congress. |
| Which of the following accurately describes a significant difference between the House of Representatives and the Senate? | The ability to filibuster, or to hold up action on a bill by refusing to yield the floor, gives individual senators a degree of influence over legislation that is not available to members of the House, whose debate is governed by a more restrictive set |
| Which of the following diagrams most accurately depicts the process that has been used to amend the United States Constitution? | The United States Constitution provides two methods by which it may be amended. This question helps to evaluate your understanding of the only method that has actually been employed |
| Which of the following diagrams most accurately depicts the process that has been used to amend the United States Constitution? | The United States Constitution provides two methods by which it may be amended. This question helps to evaluate your understanding of the only method that has actually been employed |
| Which of the following diagrams most accurately depicts the process that has been used to amend the United States Constitution? | Once proposed, a potential amendment must be ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states or conventions called by the states for the purpose of ratification. |
| In which type of economic system do producers and consumers have the most freedom to set prices for goods and services? | In a market economy, the primary determinants of prices are the transactions between buyers and sellers of products. |
| Which of the following economic terms refers to a person who assumes risk to start a business enterprise? | An entrepreneur is someone who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of a business or enterprise |
| Saudi Arabia depends on imported food because of its arid climate, and it exports large amounts of oil to other countries that do not have oil reserves. This situation best illustrates which of the following economic concepts? | Economic interdependence is the situation in which countries trade with one another to obtain resources and products that they cannot produce efficiently themselves. |
| In a free-enterprise economy, what is the intended relationship between government and business? | The government interferes relatively infrequently in the way private businesses operate. |
| In a free-enterprise economy, what is the intended relationship between government and business? | Free enterprise stresses freedom of individual economic practice and a free market based on supply and demand. |
| In a free-enterprise economy, what is the intended relationship between government and business? | In command economies (which for some time prevailed in Eastern Europe), the means of production are publicly owned and economic activity is controlled by a central authority. |
| In a free-enterprise economy, what is the intended relationship between government and business? | Yet even in societies that rely on free enterprise, government action has been required to curb free enterprise’s abuses (monopolies and fraud, for example). |
| An increase in the price of home heating oil during an unusually cold winter exemplifies which of the following economic principles? | Supply and demand |
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Sheilarenee