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Weathering/Erosion

Earth Science

QuestionAnswer
The physical and chemical processes that break down and change the shape of the rock on Earth's surfaces. Weathering.
Two types of weathering. Physical/Mechanical and chemical.
True or False: Physical and chemical changes often occur at different times. False, physical and chemical changes often occur at the same time.
___________ breaks down rock and _________ carries the pieces away. Weathering, erosion.
True or False: Weathering and erosion work together to change Earth's surface. True.
How does physical weathering change a rock? It can be broken into smaller pieces, peeled, cracked, or have the edges of the rock worn down.
True or False: Physical weathering causes the rock to become a different type of rock. False, physical weathering can not change the type of a rock.
Repeated freezing and thawing of ice water. Ice/Frost wedging.
________ can grow in the cracks of rocks and cause the rocks to break down or change shape. Plants.
________ digging or burrowing in rocks can change their shape or break down their particles. Animals.
Grinding away of rock by water, wind, ice, or gravity. Abrasion/Erosion.
Continuous change between high and low temperatures that does not include water that changes a rock's physical characteristics. Melting and cooling.
Five types of physical weathering. Ice wedging, plant growth, animal action, abrasion, melting/cooling.
True or False: Chemical weathering changes rocks' chemical composition and makes it weaker. True.
Five causes of chemical weathering. Water, carbonation, oxidation, likens, pollution.
The dissolving of minerals that changes rocks' chemical composition. Water.
Creates carbonic acid when mixed with water, changes rocks' chemical composition. Carbonation.
Caused by oxygen, changes rocks' chemical composition. Oxidation.
Organisms that grown on rocks and release acid, change rocks' chemical composition. Likens.
Acid rain that is created by water reacting with fossil fuels, changes rocks' chemical composition. Pollution.
Example of carbonation. Caves.
Example of water causing chemical weathering. Sink holes.
Made from weathered rock and decayed organic matter. Soil.
Movement of sediments from one location to another. Erosion.
Formed by both weathering and erosion. Land forms.
Driving force of all erosion. Gravity.
Gravity causes ________ ___________. Mass movement. (Landslides, avalanches, slumps, etc.)
Four ways mass movement is affected. Slope, ground cover/vegetation, water, climate.
How can mass movement be triggered? Earthquakes.
Mass movement sediments are ______ and ________. Angular, rough.
Makes odd shape and swirly patterns. Wind.
Wind contributes to _________. Abrasion/Physical weathering.
Four ways wind erosion is affected. Velocity, sediment size, ground cover/vegetation, water.
Wind makes sediments with ________ shapes and _______ appearances. Angular, frosted/pitted.
Common places with wind erosion. Deserts, arid/dry areas, seashores.
Man made structure that helps prevent landslides caused by erosion by gravity. Retaining walls.
When land becomes liquid and moves. Liquefaction.
How does gravity affect wind erosion? Gravity causes wind to drop its sediments.
What kind of weathering does wind cause while it is eroding sediments? Abrasion/Physical weathering.
How can you tell which way the wind was heading by a sand dune? The top of the dune leans toward the direction the wind was going.
Deposits (brings in) and erodes sand along coastlines. Wave Action.
What creates waves? Wind.
Wave sediments are ________ because of abrasion. Round.
Primary agent of erosion. Stream/Running water erosion.
The size of the sediment carried depends on the _______ of the running water. Velocity.
Stream erosion creates _______ sediments because of abrasion. Round.
Stream erosion creates _______ shaped valleys. V.
A large mass of moving ice found in areas of high elevation and high latitude. Glaciers.
Long and narrow glaciers formed high in the mountains. Valley glaciers.
Glaciers that have ice caps and cover a lot of land. Continental glacier. (Ex: Greenland, Antarctica, Alaska)
What pulls glaciers down mountains? Gravity.
Three ways glaciers' erosion can be affected. Slope, weight, and velocity.
True or False: Glaciers erode only large sediments. False, glaciers erode all different sizes of sediments.
True or False: Glaciers' sediments are unsorted, with different sizes. True.
Glaciers' sediments are _________, ________, and have ________. Angular, rough, grooves. (Striations)
Glaciers carve _______ shaped valleys. U.
Sediment piles that are created by glaciers, unsorted. Till.
Till deposited at the edge of a glacier. Moraine/Mound.
Long whale shaped hills formed by glacial ice, point in the direction of glacial retreat/melting. Drumlin.
A boulder dragged by a glacier to a new location. Erratic.
A hole left by a chunk of ice and filled by melting glacial water and runoff. Kettle lake.
Sediments washed away from the glaciers' front end, these sediments are deposited and sorted. Out wash.
A long winding ridge formed when a river of melting ice forms inside the glacier. Esker.
A sediment that originated in its place and hasn't moved. Residual.
Sediments that have been moved by erosion. Transported sediments.
Vertical sorting. Found in still bodies of water, bigger sediments on the bottom.
Horizontal sorting. Found in lakes and oceans, bigger sediments closer to the river.
What is faster, erosion or deposition? Erosion.
The line in the middle of the meandering channel is towards the side of the _________. Erosion.
Where does most chemical weathering occur? Warm and wet climates.
Where does most physical weathering occur? Cold and wet climates.
True or False: Larger rocks weather faster. False, smaller rocks weather faster because of more surface area.
True or False: Softer rocks weather faster than harder rocks. True.
The top layers of soil are more _______ because that is where the decayed organic matter is. Fertile.
The bottom layers of soil are less ________ because it is not subjected to weather on the surface. Weather.
________ of soil increases with more humus. Fertility.
Dust Bowl. Wind erosion of soil.
When an agent of erosion lets down sediments. Deposition/Sedimentation.
Factors that affect deposition. Particle shape (Faster- smooth and round), density (Dense- faster), particle size (Large-first).
Why do glaciers often form parallel scratches and grooves in bedrock? They drag loose rocks over Earth's surface.
How was the Grand Canyon and many other plateaus with high elevation formed? Crustal uplift and stream erosion.
How can you tell an area is arid? It has sharp angles.
How can you tell if an area is home to a body of water? Rounded edges.
Where does runoff go? Into rivers.
Where is water transported the fastest? By the outside curve.
Why does deposition of sediments usually occur where a stream enters a lake? The stream slows down.
How can you tell which side of the stream has erosion? The way the water is flowing.
Where a river enters a larger body of water and drops its sediments. Delta.
Explain the formation of sediments before and after a glacier melts. Before the glacier melts, the sediments are angular and unsorted. After it melts, the sediments become rounded and sorted.
How can you tell a glacier formed an area? U shaped valley, large boulders, striations, unsorted till.
What happens to rocks on the beach? Wind erosion makes the side of the rock facing the wind angular and the opposite side still rounded.
Describe young rivers. Straight stream, narrow, v shaped valley, steep slope.
Describe old rivers. Curvy streams, wide, meandering channel, weak slope.
Created by: emarciante8
 

 



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