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Chem 1, Quarter 2
Chemistry 1: Q2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | science that deals with materials of the universe and their changes |
| Stoichiometry | the process of using balanced chemical equations to determine the relative masses of the reactants and products involved |
| Mole Ratio | the ratio of moles of one substance to moles of another substance in a balanced chemical equation |
| Limiting Reactant | the substance that is completely used up when a reaction is completed |
| Excess Reactant | the substance that is left over when a reaction is completed |
| Theoretical Yield | the maximum amount of a given product that can be formed when the limiting reactant is completely used up |
| Actual Yield | the actual amount of a given product that is formed when the limiting reactant is completely used up |
| Percent (%) Yield | the actual yield / the theoretical yield |
| Wavelength | distance between wave crests |
| Frequency | number of waves passing per second |
| Velocity | all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed |
| Electron Orbital | region of space around a nucleus of an atom within which there is a 90% probability of finding an atom |
| Orbital | specific region of space inside a sublevel |
| Core Electrons | electrons in the inner energy levels |
| Valence Electrons | electrons in the outermost sublevel |
| Ionization Energy | the amount of energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion |
| Bond | force that holds two or more atoms together and makes them function as a unit |
| Bond Energy | the energy required to break a given chemical bond |
| Ionic Bonding | the attraction between oppositely charged ions |
| Ionic Compound | a compound that results when a metal reacts with a nonmetal to form cations and anions |
| Non-Polar Covalent Bonding | a type of bonding in which the atoms share electrons |
| Polar Covalent Bonding | a covalent bond in which the electrons are not shared equally because one atoms attracts the shared electrons more |
| Electronegativity | the tendency of an atom in a molecule to attracts shared electrons to itself |
| Dipole Moment | a property of a molecule in which the charge of a distribution can be represented by a center of positive charge and a center of negative charge |
| Solution | homogeneous mixture that doesn't settle |
| Alloy | solid mixed with another solid |
| Solvent | component of a solution present in the largest amount |
| Solute | component of a solution present in the lesser amount |
| Ionic | separates into ions in solution |
| Polar | creates hydrogen bonds with other molecules and ions |
| Non-Polar | no molecular interaction between molecules |
| Dilute | relatively small amount of solute in mixture |
| Concentrated | relatively large amount of solute in mixture |
| Unsaturated | less than the maximum amount of solute is dissolved in a solution |
| Saturated | maximum amount of solute is dissolved in a solution |
| Supersaturated | more than the maximum amount of solute is dissolved in a solution |
| Solubility | maximum number of grams of solute per 100 g or 100 mL of water at a given temperature |
| Molarity | concentration of solution involving moles |
| Acid (Arrhenius Model) | substance that produces H+ ions in solution |
| Base (Arrhenius Model) | substance that produces OH- ions in solution |
| Acid (Bronsted-Lowry Model) | proton donor |
| Base (Bronsted-Lowry Model) | proton acceptor |
| Conjugate Acid | substance formed when a proton is added to a base |
| Conjugate Base | substance formed when a proton is lost from an acid |
| Conjugate Acid-Base Pair | two substances related to each other by the donating and accepting of a proton |
| Amphoteric | a substance that can act as both an acid and a base |
| Indicator | a chemical that changes color depending on the pH of the solution in which they are placed |
| Titration | technique in which a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of another solution |
| Standard Solution | a solution in which the concentration is accurately known |
| Buret | device used to accurately measure the delivery of a given volume of liquid or solution |
| Equivalence Point | the point in a titration when enough titrant has been added to react exactly with the substance in solution |
| Buffered Solution | a solution that resists a change in pH when either an acid or base is added |
Created by:
18hanmal
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