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ch 18-20
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| basin | depressions, spans more than 625 miles across and as much as 5,000 feet deep. |
| Nile River | the world's longest river, flowing over 4,000 miles through the Sudan Basin into Uganda , Sudan, and Egypt |
| rift valley | a long ,thin valley created by moving apart of the continental plates, present in East Africa, stretching over 4,000 miles from the Jordan in Southwest Asia to Mozambique in Southern Africa |
| Mount Kilimanjaro | a volcano is Tanzania in Africa, also Africa's highest peak |
| escarpment | a steep slope with nearly flat plateau on top |
| Sahara | the largest desert in the world, stretching 3,000 miles across the African Continent, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea , measuring 1,200 miles from north to south |
| aquifer | an underground layer of rock that stores water |
| oasis | a place where water from the aquifer has reached the surface; it supports vegetation and wildlife |
| Serengeti Plain | an area in East Africa , containing some of the best grasslands in the world and many grazing animals |
| canopy | the area encompassing the tops of trees in a rain forest, about 150 feet above ground |
| Niger delta | a delta on the Niger river and an area of Nigeria with rich oil deposits |
| Sahel | a narrow band of dry grassland, running east to west on the Southern Edge of the Sahara, that is used for farming and herding |
| desertification | an expansion of dry conditions to moist areas that are next to deserts |
| Aswan High Dam | a dam in the Nile River in Egypt, completed in 1970, which increased Egypt's farmable land ny 50% and protected it from floods and droughts |
| silt | a loose sedimentary material containing very small rock particles, formed by river deposits and very fertile |
| Olduvai Gorge | a site of fossil beds in Northern Tasmania |
| Aksum | an important trading capital from the first of the eighth centuries A.D. in what is now Ethiopia; it flourished due to its location near the Red Sea and Indian Ocean |
| cash crop | a crop grown for direct sell |
| Masai | East African Ethnic groups that live in the grasslands of the rift valleys in Kenya and Tanzania |
| pandemic | a disease affecting a large population over a wide geographic area |
| Carthage | one of the great empires of Ancient Africa, situated on the triangular peninsula on the Gulf of Tunis on the Coast of the Mediterranean Sea |
| Islam | a monotheistic religion based on the teaching of Muhammad |
| rai | a kind of popular Algerian music developed in the 1920s by poor urban children that is fast-paced with danceable rhythms; was sometimes used as a form of rebellion to expose political unhappiness. |
| Gorée Island | an island off the coast of Senegal that served as a major departure point for slaves during the slave trade |
| stateless society | one in which people use lineages, or families whose members are descended from a common ancestor, to govern themselves |
| Ashanti | people that lived in what is now Ghana, in West Africa, and who are known for their artful weaving and colorful asasia or kente cloth |
| Bantu migrations | a movement of the Bantu peoples southward throughout Africa, spreading their language and culture, from around 500 B.C. to around 1000 A.D. |
| King Leopold II | the Belgian king who opened up the African interior to European trade along the Congo River and by 1884 controlled the area known as the Congo Free State |
| Mobutu Sese Seko | the leader of Zaire, which is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, from its independence in the 1960s until 1997. He brought the country’s businesses under national control, profited from the reorganization, and used the army to hold power. |
| Fang sculpture | . carved boxes containing the skulls and bones of deceased ancestors, created by the Fang, who live in Gabon, southern Cameroon, and Equatorial Guinea |
| Great Zimbabwe | a city established in what is now Zimbabwe by the Shona around 1000; it became the capital of a thriving gold-trading area |
| Mutapa Empire | a state founded in the 15th century by a man named Mutota and that extended throughout all of present day Zimbabwe except the eastern part |
| apartheid | a policy of complete separation of the races, instituted by the white minority government of South Africa in 1948 |
| Nelson Mandela | one of the leaders of the African National Congress who led a struggle to end apartheid and was elected president in 1994 in the first all-race election in South Africa. |
| one-commodity country | a country that relies on one principal export for much of its earnings |
| commodity | an agricultural or mining product that can be sold |
| diversify | to increase the variety of products in a country’s economy; to promote manufacturing and other industries in order to achieve growth and stability |
| AIDS | a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV |
| cholera | a treatable infectious disease that can be fatal and is caused by a lack of adequate sanitation and a clean water supply. |
| malaria | an infectious disease of the red blood cells, carried by mosquitoes, that is characterized by chills, fever, and sweating |
| tuberculosis | a respiratory infection spread by human contact, which often accompanies AIDS. |
| UNAIDS | an international watchdog and relief organization for children |
| berlin confrence | a conference of 14 European nations held in 1884-1885 in Berlin, Germany to establish rules for political control of Africa |
Created by:
kourtneykellydoster