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History 1877
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Between the late 1340s and early 1350s, the bubonic plague swept away one-quarter of Europe’s population. The bubonic plague is also known as what? | Black Death |
| Which Spanish explorer led the first official expedition to the North American mainland? | Ponce de Leon |
| John Calvin established a “holy commonwealth” that became a center for European Protestantism and later a model for English Puritans. Where was this Calvinist stronghold? | Geneva |
| What nation led the way in exploring beyond Europe’s known waters, and became the first to send a voyage all the way to Asia? | Portugual |
| Which of the following most characterized the Virginia colony in its first two decades? | immigrant deaths |
| In an effort to ensure that his American colonies contributed to England’s prosperity, King Charles II initiated a series of regulations known as what? | Navigation Acts |
| English settlements in the West Indies had the greatest influence upon the development of what mainland colonies? | the Carolinas |
| ________ was founded both as a military buffer and a philanthropic enterprise. | Colony of Georgia |
| The Puritan program for reforming England included what? | separating church and state |
| what was Anne Hutchinson’s heresy? | She embraced controversial positions on doctrine and shared these ideas with others. |
| The first colonial endeavor of the Quaker sect focused on which colony, which was temporarily split in two? | New Jersey |
| Late in the 1600s, the English Parliament ousted the Stuart king and brought in William and Mary as monarchs who acknowledged Parliamentary rule. This episode is known as what? | glorious revolution |
| ________ was the Spanish empire’s last major colonial project in North America. | California |
| Despite grand colonial claims, most eighteenth-century French-Americans lived along the ________ River. | St. Lawrence |
| ________ was an intellectual movement in both Europe and America that celebrated the power of human reason. | the Enlightenment |
| The boy preacher from England who stirred revival fires up and down the colonial seaboard was ________. | George Whitefield |
| The Seven Years’ War pitted Britain against France in a struggle to control what region of North America? | Ohio Country |
| Know where The Sons of Liberty, emerging in the Stamp Act protest, drew their members from. | the elite members of the assemblies |
| Which of the following British leaders actually supported the colonists’ objections to taxation by Parliament? | William Pitt |
| The first blood of an American soldier was shed by British troops at ________ in April 1775. | Lexington |
| The Declaration of Independence based the case for independence on what? | George's infringement on American Liberty |
| After evacuating Boston, the British army took the initiative, launching a successful assault on what city. | New York City |
| The Continental Army gained a key victory over the British at ________, which demonstrated its ability as a fighting force and won support for its cause in the region. | Trenton |
| For the southern backcountry, the Revolutionary War meant what? | bitter, bloody, partisan war |
| The ________ branch of government gained most of the power in the governments created by the initial state constitutions | legislative |
| America’s first governing document was what? | articles of confederation |
| Which of the following leaders shaped the framing of the federal Constitution more than anyone else? | James Madison |
| The Constitutional Convention deadlocked until it could find a compromise solution to the issue of what? | representation in congress |
| 29. Know about the XYZ Affair | French officials demanded a bribe to open negotiations with the United States. ch.9 |
| What individual most responsible for creating the notion of “judicial review | John Marshall |
| Know about the landmark Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison. | ch. 9 |
| The Monroe Doctrine did what? | warned Europe to not interfere with the Americas |
| The most important stimulus to economic development between 1815 and 1840, affecting both North and South (though in different ways), was the growth of the ________ trade. | cotton |
| The major form of transportation in the West as the national market was emerging was ________. | steamboat |
| Which of the following groups purchased the greatest amount of western land from the federal government? | speculators |
| The factory system began in which industry? | textiles |
| ________ played a key role in organizing the Democratic party, as well as in justifying political parties as useful tools of democracy; he also followed Jackson as president | Martin Van Buren |
| Which of the following leaders advocated the idea of state nullification in order to oppose the tariff? | John C. Calhoun |
| In protest against the federal tariff, ___________ of South Carolina developed a nullification theory, which supported state sovereignty and ultimately laid the groundwork for southern secession. | John C. Calhoun |
| Jackson finally destroyed the National Bank by doing what? | refusing to continue to deposit federal funds in it, and depositing them in selected state banks instead |
| Which of the following is an indication that the development of the modern presidency began with Andrew Jackson? | he was the first president to effectively use the veto power to shape legislative policy to his liking |
| The revivals spearheaded by Charles Finney during the Second Great Awakening upheld the doctrine that | deliverance was available to all who were converted |
| Evangelical black churches grew in the North even as they were being suppressed in the South after 1820. The most important of the new black independent churches was ___________. | African Methodist Episcopal Church |
| The writer ________ preached such an extreme individualism that he lived by himself and contended, in an essay entitled “On Civil Disobedience,” that he could stand against the democratic majority. | Henry David Thoreau |
| Crucial to the growth of the social reform impulse were the evangelical revivals of the 1820s and 1830s, led by who | Charles Finney |
| Know the leaders of the Second Great Awakening. | Charles Finney, Ralph Waldo Emerson, & Lyman Beecher |
| The writer generally identified as the leader of New England Transcendentalism (especially its individualist expression) was who? | Ralph Waldo Emerson |
| Which of the following crops were grown extensively in the Upper South? | wheat |
| know what Nat Turner did | led a slave revolt despite enjoying relatively humane treatment by his master |
| The most common form of slave resistance was what? | theft |
| Know about Virginia debate of 1832. | was the last significant attempt by white southerners to take action against slavery |
| Know about the doctrine of Manifest Destiny. | was used to justify U.S. expansion southward and westward. |
| ________ initiated the politics of Manifest Destiny by pushing the annexation of the Texan Republic. | John tyler |
| The ________ country, jointly held by the U.S. and Britain, was divided between them in 1846. | Oregon |
| The doctrine of popular sovereignty was most closely associated with who? | Stephen A. Douglass |
| After 1840, the most important stimulus to economic growth came from where? | railroad construction |
| What was the Gadsden Purchase? | acquisition of a strip of Mexican land as a railroad route |
| 58. Know about how the Kansas-Nebraska Act resulted. | destruction of the Whig Party in the South, the formation of the new Republican party in the North, virtual civil war in Kansas |
| Know about the Dred Scott decision | asserted that Congress couldn't ban slavery from any territory |
| Know when the first shots of the Civil War were fired. | Lincoln decided to hold on a fort on southern soil |
| What was the first Union success of the war? | holding the border states in the Union |
| Dissidents in one southern state created which new border state | West Virginia |
| Who was the celebrated Virginian who led the Army of Northern Virginia so well for so long, but who finally had to surrender to Grant? | Robert E. Lee |
| The Union victory at Vicksburg did what? | secured control of the Mississippi, dividing the confederacy |
| Lincoln’s re-election in 1864 became far more likely when what happened? | Sherman captured Atlanta |
| Both Lincoln’s and Johnson’s reconstruction plans shared an intent to do what? | liberally grant pardons to confederate soldiers |
| The agency established by the federal government to protect freed people’s economic rights was commonly known as what? | Freedmen's bureau |
| President Johnson’s home state of ________, in which he had served as senator and then ruled as military governor, ratified the Fourteenth Amendment against his wishes, and was thus readmitted in 1866, before the Reconstruction Acts were passed. | Tennessee |
| One measure of black efforts to experience freedom was what? | adoption of a surname |
| who won the disputed election of 1876 | the Republican candidate |
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