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MUSIC 103 FINAL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| define the term "beat" | the underlying pulse of music |
| define the term "tempo" | the speed of the beat |
| What are pickup notes? | notes that comes before the first down beat |
| Name the four main voice categorizations, and give a short explanation of each | soprano, alto, tenor, bass |
| soprano voice explanation | type of classical female singing voice and has the highest vocal range of all other types |
| alto voice explanation | second highest type of singing |
| tenor voice explanation | medium low singing |
| bass voice explanation | very low - males sing this |
| what is the meaning of "tonic"? | pitch that all other pitches move toward |
| what is meter? | the organization of musical beats into strong and weak |
| what happens when a song modulates? | modification of a key signature |
| what is a "key signature"? | where half and whole steps falls (establishes tonic) |
| how many pitches are in a chord? | 3 or more |
| what is the most common form used in popular music? | |
| explain theme and variation | the composer begins with a main theme and makes changes on it throughout the song (ex. twinkle twinkle little star) |
| a musical form where an opening section of music repeats at the end, separated by a contrasting section (ABA) is referred to as __________ form | ternary |
| the trumpet is a member of the ___________ family | brass |
| if one pitch is vibrating twice as fast as another, the interval between them is known as a(n) __________. In Western music, it is divided into 12 pitches | octave |
| the ________ is an example of a pitched percussion instrument | timpani |
| the clarinet belong to the ___________ instrument family | woodwind |
| the piccolo is a smaller, higher-pitched version of the _________ | flute |
| when a combination of pitches sounds clashing or unstable, we can describe the harsh sound it makes as _____________ | dissonant |
| a succession of consecutive meaningful pitches is known as a __________ | melody |
| one cycle of a meter is completed in one _____________, and is marked with barlines | measure |
| what is the term that means "the highness or lowness of a musical sound?" | pitch |
| name on example of an unpitched percussion instrument | cymbals |
| what is the term (or symbol) that means "very soft?" | pianissimo (pp) |
| what does the term, "A Cappela" mean? | vocal music with no accompaniment |
| in which style period is elaborate ornamentation a characteristic of music? | Baroque |
| what is the difference between syllabic and melismatic singing? | syllabic - 1 sound per note ; melismatic - more than one sound per note |
| what are some basic characteristics of Baroque music? | irregular, flamboyant, elaborate ornamentation, and excessive |
| what happens in ritornello form? | a form in which a melody will repeat |
| what is one major difference between Opera and Oratorio? | Opera is stages (costumes, setting, etc.) and Oratorio is not |
| what is program music? | music that describes an event |
| what is concerto grosso? | a soloist that plays against a larger orchestra |
| explain the term "tutti" | meaning all together like when an orchestra plays all at the same time |
| what is "pedal point" | sustained note |
| name an instrument that might be part of a continuo group | bass |
| the section of a fugue in which the subject is announced in all voices is called the | exposition |
| which form could be charted using this arrangement of letters: AABB? | binary |
| __________ means, "something sounded" | sonata |
| __________ means, "something sung" | cantata |
| the repetition of a musical motive at successively higher or lower pitches is referred to as a ____________ | melodic sequence |
| the composer who became known as an extraordinary impovisationalist was___________ | J.S. Bach |
| a type of medieval singing in which the text carries the theology of the church and that is characterized by monophony, free rhythm, and limited range is ___________ | chant |
| what does the term, "Renaissance" mean? | rebirth |
| what is the term that means "the highness or lowness of a musical sound?" | pitch |
| what is the genre of Handel's "Messiah"? | oratorio |
| name two renaissance instruments | oboe and flute |
| when a composer "sets" the five Ordinary movements of the Mass, he is writing music for the _________ | church |
| how many performers would have been in a baroque orchestra? | 20 or less |
| ____________, a prevailing philosophy of the Renaissance, states that humans can reason to know the world without the assistance of religious narrative | humanism |
| a vernacular poem sung by several "solo" voices is known as a _________ | madrigal |
| who was the first to use the piano exclusively? | Mozart |
| instrumental music became more important than vocal music in the Classical period: T/F? | True |
| the Classical style included: | simple, tuneful melodies; avoidance of ornate decoration; incorporation of balance in phrasing, texture, and form |
| the form of a rondo might be: | ABACA |
| the minuet and trio is a good example of: | ternary form |
| in Classical comic opera, this type of singing allowed the plot to move more quickly | ensemble |
| which of the following is an example of program music? | "Symphonie fantastique" |
| one unusual feature of Beethoven's "Symphony No. 9" is | it has a choir and vocal soloists |
| which of the following was a virtuoso pianist who was inspired by Paganini? | Franz Liszt |
| the nineteenth century composer who is known for writing absolute music is | Johannes Brahms |
| which of the following would have been true of Mozart's piano? | it weighed only about 120lbs |
| some characteristics of music in the Romantic period are: | an emphasis on emotional expression, an interest in the bizarre or supernatural, and interest in combining elements of different art forms (ALL OF THE ABOVE) |
| Beethoven's musical life is divided into ___ periods | 3 |
| ______________ is a tradition of dancing, singing, clapping, and guitar playing that originated in Andalusia, Spain | Flemenco music |
| the "_____________ is everything" in Wagner's opera. It acts as a commentator on the dramatic and plays out the drama through "pure music" | orchestra |
| the ___________ is a popular piece for piano. it can be described as slow and dreamy | nocturne |
| __________________ is an art song where the orchestra replaces the piano as accompaniment | orchestral song |
| ______________ is a term used only to refer to the main theme in Berlioz's "Symphonie Fantasstique" | Idee Fixe |
| the first movement of a Classical Concerto is typically _________________ form | sonata-allegro |
| rondo form is most often used in the _______ movement of a Classical symphony | 4th |
| the form that consists of three distinct and self-contained sections, where the third is often a repeat of the first is known as __________________ form | ternary |
| ___________________ in comic opera allows the plot to unfold ore quickly than where monody prevails | spoken language and simple songs |
| what are some characteristics of Classicism in music? give a musical example of one of these characteristics (include the name of a composer and work if possible) | some characteristics of Classicism include simple, tuneful melodies, and incorporation of balance in phrasing, texture, and form. Beethoven's "Symphony No. 9" is well known and easily recognized because of the theme and variation form that is used. |
| what are two technological developments that changed the piano in the nineteenth century? explain the advantages of these two developments | they started using cross stringing and added foot pedals. the cross stinging allowed for the full length of the chords in the piano which created a larger range in sound. foot pedals were also added to help with different sound effects |
| there are three main sections in sonata-allegro form. what happens in the development sections? give specific details. | the developmental section of sonata-allegro form is where the retransition (dominant sound) in the song occurs. |
| Richard Wagner composed what he reffered to as "gesamtkunstwerk" (a total artwork). what does this mean? | it is a work of art that makes use of all or many art forms or strive to do so. |
| first to reject photographic realism in painting, instead trying to recreate the impression that an object produces upon the sense in a single, fleeting movement | impressionism |
| arose in France in opposition to German Romantic music | impressionism |
| ________________, which one generated such controversy, is not, ironically, the most popular of all artistic styles | French impressionism |
| saw the world in vibrant rays of light and sought to capture objects created in the eyes of the beholder | impressionists |
| __________ found inspiration in the ____________ art of the day | musicians ; impressionists |
| critics complained that Debussy's works lacked ______________, ________, and ___________ | traditional form, melody, and forward motion |
| ____________'s music basically possessed characteristics of the Modernism that was to come | Debussy |
| worked to create a poetic style in which the literal meaning of the word was less important than its sound and the associations | symbolists |
| Debussy had clearly turned away from what he called the German "____________________" | developmental agenda |
| _______ and ______ begin to replace _______ and _______ | colors and textures ; melody and harmony |
| six-note scale each pitch of which is a whole tone away from the next | whole-tone scale |
| musical process in which all of the lines or parts move in the same direction and at the same intervals | parallel motion |
| musical style communicated by any sound drawn from outside the traditional Western European musical experience | exoticism |
| popular, suggestive Spanish dance for a soloist or couple | bolero |
| bolero has what type of tempo and meter? | slow tempo, triple meter |
| artistic style in which the artistic fractures and dislocates formal reality into geometrical blocks and planes | cubism |
| avoiding a simple interval for a more distant one an octave above or below | octave displacement |
| Romantic melody tends to be _______, _________, and ___________; early twentieth-century melody tends to be _________ and _________ | smooth, diatonic, and conjunet; fragmented and angular |
| the basic building block of Western music has been the _________ | triad |
| consonant, three-noted chord | triad |
| spans 7 letter of the scale (also can be 9 or 11 letter changes) | seventh chord (9th chord; 11th chord) |
| the more 3rds that were added on top of the basic triad, the more __________ the sound of the chord | dissonant |
| simultaneous sounding of a number of pitches only a whole step or a half step apart | tone cluster |
| chromatic dissonance, new chords, and the tone clusters all _____________ the traditional role of tonality in music | weakened |
| why did twentieth-century composers create a brave new world of sound? | many musicians were dissatisfied with the string-dominated tone of the Romantic symphony orchestra |
| bracing, progressive style that dominated classical music and the arts generally from the beginning to the end of the twentieth century | modernism |
| the word "impresario" means what? | producer |
| ___________ is the artistic capital of the world during this time | Paris |
| Russian ballet company of the early twentieth century led by Sergei Diaghilev | Ballets russes |
| ____________ soon became the principal composer of Diaghilev's "export company" (his ballet company) | Stravinsky |
| what decade is known as Stravinsky's "Russian ballet period"? | 1910-1920 |
| movement in twentieth-century music that sought to return to the musical forms and aesthetics of the Baroque and Classical periods | Neo-classicism |
| Stravinsky's Neo-classical period extended from 1920-1951, when he adopted the ___________________ | twelve-tone technique |
| Stravinsky's 3 important early ballets: | 1) The Firebird (1910) 2) Petrushka (1911) 3) The Rite of Spring (1913) |
| Stravinsky's first 3 ballets were built on what? | Russian folk tales |
| Stravinsky uses ____________ in his ballets instead of the same grace and elegance of the Romantic period | Primitivism |
| attempts to capture the unadorned lines, raw energy, and elemental truth of non-Western art and apply it in a Modernist context | Primitivism |
| The Rite of Spring has been called what? | the greatest masterpiece of modern music |
| 2 or more meters sounding simultaneously | polymeter |
| simultaneous sounding of two or more rhythms | polyrhythm |
| most instruments playing the same motive over and over at the same pitch level | ostinato |
| simultaneous sounding of one triad or seventh chord with another | polychord |
| group of progressive modernist composers that revolved around Arnold Shoenberg in Vienna in the early twentieth century | Second Viennese School |
| music without tonality, without a key center | atonal music |
| initially a German-Austrian development that arose in Berlin, Munich, and Vienna; aimed to express the subject's innermost feelings, anxieties, and fears | expressionism |
| Schoenberg's best-known composition | "Pierrot lunaire" (Moonstruck Pierrot) |
| vocal technique in which a singer declaims, rather than sings, a text at only approximate pitch levels | sprechstimme (German for "speech-voice") |
| method of writing that uses each of the twelve notes of the chromatic scale set in a fixed, predetermined order | twelve-toned composition |
| music in which some important component - pitch, dynamics, rhythm - comes in a continually repeating series | serial music |
| for Schoenberg, his Modernistic music was not supposed to be "pretty" it's job is to _________ and _________ | stimulate and satisfy |
| ____________________ has been called one of the two great failed experiments of the twentieth century, the other being communism | twelve-tone system |
| __________ was once known as the dissonant, atonal "bad boy" of the St. Petersburg Conservatory | Prokofiev |
| what could possibly be controversial about Romeo and Juliet? | neither the age-ole story nor the idea of romance, but rather Prokofiev's musical style |
| musical anthropologist who does filed work gathering and studying the music of indigenous peoples around the world | ethnomusicologist |
| light musical interlude intended to separate and thus break the mood of two or more serious, surrounding movements or operatic acts or scenes | intermezzo (Italian for "between piece") |
| greatest American modernist composer | Charles Ives |
| two or more keys sounding simultaneously | polytonality |
| Ive's led two lives which were: | high-powered insurance executive by day and a prolific composer by night |
| division of the whole tone, or whole step, into quarter tones, a division even smaller than the half tone, or half step, on the piano | quarter-tone music |
| art made up of disparate materials taken from very different places | collage art |
| sounds produced and manipulated by magnetic tape machines, synthesizers, and/or compurters | electronic music |
| a machines that has the capacity to produce, transform, and combine (or synthesize) electronic sounds | synthesizer |
| music in which the composer works directly with sounds recorded on magnetic tape, not with musical notation and performers | Musique Concrete |
| music recent development in electronic music; couples the computer with the electronic synthesizer to imitate the sounds of acoustic instruments and to produce new sounds | computer music |
| reusing (repeating_ portions of a previous sound recording in a new song | sampling |
| sound processing that involves the rhythmical manipulation of a vinyl record | scratching |
| a grand piano outfitted with screws, bolts, washers, erasers, and bits of felt and plastic all inserted between the strings | prepared piano |
| musical events are not carefully predetermined by the composer | chance music |
| style of postmodern music, originating in the 1960s, that takes a very small musical unit and repeats it over and over to form a composition | minimalism |
| development of an increasingly integrated global economy | globalization |
| chairman Mao Zedong's social and political reformation of the People's Republic of China between 1966-1976 | Cultural Revolution |
| Book of Psalms | Psalter |
| book containing all 150 psalms translated into rhyming, metrical English, first published in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1640 for congregational singing | Bay Psalm Book |
| a leader sings each line of a psalm and the congregation then repeats it | lining out |
| psalm tune sung as a canon or round | fuguing tune |
| music springing from rural communities and passed along by oral transmission, with one singer learning from another | folk music |
| repertoire of songs for solo singer, male or female, with lyrics treating the subjects of love and life's disappointments, and accompanied primarily by one or more guitars | country music |
| narrative songs in strophic form that told a (usually sad) tale in an unemotional way | ballads |
| an inexpensive violin played without much vibrato | fiddle |
| four-string plucked instrument of African American origin | banjo |
| form of black folk song that originated in the Suth sometime during the 1880s and 1890s | blues |
| in the blue or in jazz, a short instrumental passage that interrupts and responds to the singing of a voice | instrumental break |
| method of performance in which a soloist sings and a group or another soloist answers | call and response |
| seven-note scale in which the third, fifth, and seventh pitches are sometimes flat, sometimes natural, and sometimes in between | blues scale |
| third, fifth, or seventh note of the blues scale that can be altered to be sharper or flatter | blue notes |
| lively, energetic music with pulsating rhythms and scintillating syncopations, usually played by either a small instrumental ensemble or a larger group | jazz |
| immediate precursor of jazz and shares with it many of the same rhythmic features | ragtime |
| style of jazz that originated in that city shortly after 1900, involving a synocpated, inprovisatory style of playing built on the tunes and harmonies of blues, parlor songs, rags, and marches | New Orleans Jazz |
| section within a jazz band, usually consisting of drums, double bass, piano, banjo, and/or guitar, that establishes the harmony and rhythm | rhythm section |
| in a jazz piece, each presentation of the tune is called | chorus |
| mid to large-size dance band that emerged in the 1930s to play the style of jazz called swing | big band |
| mellow, bouncy, flowing style of jazz that originated in the 1930s | swing |
| fusion of jazz idioms with the textures and forms of the classical symphony | symphonic jazz |
| angular, hard-driving jazz played by a small combo without written music | bebop |
| a tune so influential that it inspires other musicians to record their own interpretations of it | standard |
| each new version of a standard | cover |
| rejects the aggressive style of behop | cool jazz |
| new jazz style of the late 1960s that incorporated elements of rock | fusion |
| section of New York City near Broadway and West 28th Street where music stores abounded during the early years of the twentieth century | Tin Pan Alley |
| form of American popular musical theater that emerged shortly after 1900 | musical |
| pianist-vocalist who plugged songs in a music store by performing them, thereby allowing the customer to decide which to purchase | song plugger |
Created by:
saraneal25