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Science Chapter 1
Astronomy - Earth, Moon, and Sun
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where might water be found on the moon? | near the poles |
| All objects are attracted to each other by the force of... | gravity |
| The phase of the moon you see depends on... | how much of the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth. |
| How large is the moon compared to Earth? | about one-fourth the diameter of Earth. |
| Because the moon rotates once for each revolution around Earth, | you never see the far side of the moon from Earth. |
| One complete revolution of Earth around the sun takes about... | one year. |
| You are less likely to see a total solar eclipse than a total lunar eclipse because... | the moon's umbra only covers a small area on Earth's surface. |
| The two factors that combine to keep Earth and the moon in their orbits are... | gravity and inertia. |
| Day and night are caused by... | Earth's rotation on its axis. |
| The different shapes of the moon seen from Earth are called... | phases. |
| During a total lunar eclipse the moon is in Earth's... | umbra. |
| Galileo saw that much of the moon's surface is covered with round pits called... | craters. |
| In the SOUTHERN Hemisphere, the summer solstice occurs when the sun is... | farthest SOUTH. |
| The temperature of the of the moon's surface varies greatly from day tonight because the moon has... | no atmosphere. |
| Earth has seasons because... | its axis is tilted as it moves around the sun. |
| Maria on the moon's surface were formed by ancient... | lava flows. |
| For a solar eclipse to occur, | the moon must be directly between Earth and the Sun. |
| During what phase of the moon can a lunar eclipse occur? | full moon |
| Scientists think the moon was formed when... | a large object struck Earth, and ejected materials from the collision combined. |
| Tides are caused mainly by... | differences in how much the moon pulls on different parts of Earth. |
| From new moon phase to full moon phase, you see... | an increasing amount of the lighted side of the moon. |
| An equinox occurs when... | neither end of Earth's axis is tilted toward or away from the sun. |
| When are tides highest? | when the sun, Earth, and the moon are nearly in a line. |
| The strength of the force of gravity depends on... | the masses of the objects and the distance between them. |
| When do neap tides occur? | when the sun's pull is at right angles to the moon's. |
| The tendency of a moving object to continue moving in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place is called... | inertia. |
| The amount of the lighted side of the moon you can see is the same during... | first quarter and the third quarter phase. |
| Earth's rotation takes about... | 24 hours |
| A total solar eclipse is visible from... | only within the moon's umbra. |
| When the north end of Earth's axis is tilted toward the sun, North America will experience... | more direct rays and longer days. |
| Newton's law of universal gravitation states that every object in the universe... | attracts every other object. |
| A _______ eclipse occurs when the moon moves directly between the Sun and Earth. | solar |
| The beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere is marked by the __________. | vernal equinox |
| Maria are flat areas, once flooded with ______, on the moon's surface | lava |
| The _____ of the moon depend on how much of the lighted side of the moon can be seen from Earth. | phases |
| The moon's average density is _________ the density of the Earth's outer layers. | about the same as |
| During a _____ eclipse, Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon. | lunar |
| The moon formed after a planet-sized object collided with the _______. | Earth |
| Day and night are caused by Earth's _______ on its axis. | rotation |
| A tide with the greatest difference between low and high tides is called a _________ tide. | spring |
| The Sun and moon seem to move across the sky each day because of Earth's _______ on its axis. | rotation |
| Seasons on Earth are caused by the _____ of Earth's axis as Earth revolved around the Sun. | tilt |
| The times when day and night are of equal length are called _____. | equinoxes |
| The lighted half of the moon faces away from Earth during the ____ phase of the moon. | new |
| The moon can be seen from Earth because ______ reflects off the moon's surface. | sunlight |
| A lunar eclipse can only occur during the _____ phase of the moon. | full |
| The darkest part of the moon's shadow is called the ______. | umbra |
| Tides are caused by the force of ______ from the sun and moon acting on Earth. | gravity |
| A tide with the least distance betwewen low and high tides is called a _______ tide. | neap |
| The round pits on the moon are called ______. | craters |
| Galileo called teh dark, flat parts of the moon _______ because they looked like seas. | maria |
| According to the _________ theory, the moon was formed when a planet-sized object collided with Earth. | collision ring |
| The moon's average density is about the same as the density of Earth's ______ layers. | outer |
| Earth rotates on its axis about once every _____ hours. | 24 |
| The force that pulls the moon toward Earth is called _________. | gravity |
| The tendency for an object in motion to remain in motion is called _______. | inertia |
| The moon rotates once on its axis in the same amount of time that it ________ once around Earth. | revolves |
| You can see the solar corona from Earth during a ______ eclipse. | solar |
| If you are in a car that stops suddenly, your body keeps moving because it has _______. | inertia |
| When a large object collided with Earth, debris from the collision was ejected into orbit and initially formed a _______. | ring |
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8thgraders