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The Axial Skeleton
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ___ are formed by the articulation of two cranial bones. | Sutures |
| Sutures are formed ____. | Within a year or two of birth |
| Prior to suture formation, the cartilage-filled spaces between cranial bones are called ___. | fontanels |
| The ___ is formed by the top and sides of the cranium. | cranial vault |
| A sinus is a ___. | cavity inside a bone |
| A fossa is a ___. | depression or intentation |
| The cranial fossae are ___. | depressions in the floor of the cranium |
| A foramen is ___. | a passage or opening through a bone |
| A septum is __. | a dividing wall or structure |
| The ___ forms the forehead. | frontal bone |
| The ___ forms the superior aspect of each orbit (eye socket). | frontal bone |
| The ___ forms the anterior cranial fossa. | frontal bone |
| The ____ articulates posteriorly with the parietal bones via the coronal suture. | frontal bone |
| Int he region just deep to the eyebrows, ___ are present which allow nerves and arteries to pass. | supraorbital formina |
| The ___ bone contains the frontal sinus. | frontal |
| The area of bone located ___ is called the glabella. | just above the bridge of the nose |
| The two mirror-image bones which form much of the superior and lateral portions of the skull are the __ bones. | parietal |
| The coronal suture is formed by articulation of which bones? (2) | parietal and frontal bones |
| The sagittal suture is formed by articulation of which 2 bones? | the two parietal bones |
| The lambdoid suture is formed by articulation of which bones? | occipital and parietal bones |
| The squamosal suture is formed by articulation of which 2 bones> | parietal and temporal bones |
| The ___ suture is formed by articulation of the parietal and frontal bones. | coronal |
| The ___ suture is formed by articulation of the occipital and parietal bones. | lambdoid |
| The ___ suture is formed by articularion of two parietal bones. | sagittal |
| The ___ suture is formed by articulation of the parietal and temporal bones. | squamosal |
| The posterior and base of the skull is formed by the ___ bone. | occipital |
| The foramen magnum is the ___. (physiology) | passageway through which the spinal cord leaves the skull |
| The foramen magnum is the ___ (anatomy) | largest opening in the occipital bone |
| Cranial nerve XII leaves the skull via small opening immediately lateral to the foramen magnum which are called the ___. | hypoglossal canals |
| The function of the occipital condyles is to ___. | articulate with C1 (the first vertebra) to allow the head to nod |
| The external occipital protuberance and crest and the nuchal lines are ___. | sites of muscle and ligament attachment |
| The two mirror-image bones which form the inferolateral aspect of skull and part of the middle cranial fossa are the ___ bones. | temporal |
| The __ of the __ bone forms the posterior section of the zygomatic arch. | zygomatic process; temporal |
| The mandible articulates with the __ of the temporal bone. | mandibular fossa |
| The external acoustic meatus is the __ in the __ bone. | canal leading to the eardrum; temporal |
| The hyoid bone is attached by ligaments to the __ of the __ bone. | styloid process; temporal |
| The facial nerve leaves the cranial cavity through the __ in the __ bone. | stylomastoid foramen; temporal |
| The __, which are passages for the optic nerve and ophthalmic arteries, are found in the __ bone. | optic canals; sphenoid |
| The hypophyseal fossa, a depression in a region of the __ bone called the __, is the seat for the pituitary gland. | sphenoid; sella turcica |
| The anterior clinoid process of the __ bone serves as __. | sphenoid; anchoring point for the brain |
| The foramen rotundum of the __ bone serves as __. | sphenoid; passageway for the nerves innervating the maxillary region of the face |
| The __ bone forms part of the anterior cranial fossa, the superior portion of the nasal septum, the lateral walls and roof of nasal cavity, and part of the medial wall of the orbits. | ethmoid |
| The crista galli is ___. | an attachment point for the meninges |
| The cribriform place is a surface filled with small foramina on the __ bone. | ethmoid |
| The cribriform plate contains ___. | passages for nerve filaments of the olfactory nerves |
| The superior and middle nasal concha are regions of the ___ bones. | ethmoid |
| The nasal concha create ___, which increases the ability of the nose to trap dust, preventing it form reaching the lungs. | turbulence |
| The temporalis muscle, which helps close the jaw, attaches to the ___ of the mandible. | coronoid process |
| The ___ of the mandible articulate with the temporal bone. | mandibular condyles |
| During development, the two halves of the mandible fuse to form the ____. | mandibular symphysis |
| Mandibular alveoli serve as___. | sockets for the teeth |
| The inferior alveolar nerves (which innervate the teeth of the lower jar) travel through the ___ of the mandible. | mandibular foramina |
| Blood vessels and nerves reach the chin and lower lip through the ____ of the mandible. | mental foramina |
| The ___ bones are found deep to the upper lip; they form part of the 'cheekbone' and the lateral aspects of the bridge of the nose. | maxilla |
| The maxilla includes a canal for the passage of nerves and blood vessels whose entrance, the ___, is found in the roof of the mouth. | incisive fossa |
| The __ of each __ bone form the anterior portion of the hard palate (the bony part of the roof of the mouth). | palatine processes; maxilla |
| In each orbit, the ___, whose inferior edge is formed by the maxilla, provides a passageway for nerves and blood vessels. | inferior orbital fissure |
| There is a(n) ___ on each maxilla, inferior to the orbit, to allow passage for nerves and blood vessels to the face. | infraorbital foramen |
| The ___ bone, together with the temporal bone and maxilla, forms the bony part of each cheek. | zygomatic |
| The mirror-image bones that form the anterior aspect of the bridge of the nose are the ___ bones. | nasal |
| Each orbit is formed, in part, by a small bone called the ___ bone, which contains tunnels leading into the nose called the ___ to allow tear drainage. | lacrimal; nasolacrimal canals |
| The L-shaped palatine bones form the ___. | posterior of the hard palate |
| The palatines bones have a process which extends all the way to the ___. | orbits |
| The bones of the skull which contain one or more sinuses are the __,__,__, and __ bones. | frontal; ethmoid; sphenoid; maxilla |
| The hyoid is unusual because it is the only bone in the body that ___. | doesn't articulate with another bone |
| The hyoid plays a role in__ and __. | swallowing; speech |
| The hyoid is fastened to the __ of the __ by ligaments. | styloid processes; temporal bones |
| There are ___ cervical vertebrae, ___ thoracic vertebrae, and __ lumbar vertebrae. | 7; 12; 5 |
| All of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with ___. | ribs |
| The laminae and pedicles of each vertebrae makes up the ___. | vertebral arch |
| The spinal cord passes through the ___ of each vertebrae. | vertebral foramen |
| The ___ region of the vertebrae is called the body or centrum. | weight-bearing |
| Vertebrae articulate with one another via projections from their upper and lower surface called __ and __, respectively. | intervertebral foramina |
| Distinguishing features of the cervical vertebrae include the __, which provide a bony channel for blood vessels supplying the brain. | transverse foramen |
| The first cervical vertebra is called ___; the superior surfaces of the lateral masses articulate with the ___ of the skull. | the atlas; occipital condyles |
| The articulation between C1 and the skulls allows ___. | nodding of the head |
| The unusual feature that makes identification of C2 easy is ___. | the dens (or odontoid process) |
| The function of the odontoid process is to ___. | serve as a pivot during side to side head-shaking |
| The vertebral foramina of cervical vertebrae are ___. | triangular |
| The body of a cervical vertebra is ___. | oval |
| The spinous processes of most cervical vertebrae are ___. | forked |
| The vertebral foramina of thoracic vertebrae are ___. | round |
| The spinous processes on ___ are long, thin, blade-like structures. | thoracic vertebrae |
| Inter-vertebral articulation of thoracic vertebrae allows ___. | rotation |
| Inter-vertebral articulation of thoracic vertebrae does not allow ___. | flexion and extension |
| Superior articular processes on thoracic vertebrae have the facet facing in a ___ direction. | posterior |
| Inferior articular processes on thoracic vertebrae have the facet facing in an ___ direction. | anterior |
| Superior articular processes on lumbar vertebrae have the facet facing in a ___ direction. | medial |
| Inferior articular processes on lumbar vertebrae have the facet facing in a ___ direction. | lateral |
| Inter-vertebral articulation of lumbar vertebrae allows ___. | flexion and extension |
| Inter-vertebral articulation of lumbar vertebrae does not allow ___. | rotation |
| The spinous processes on ___ are short and flat, like an axe blade. | lumbar vertebrae |
| The vertebral foramina of lumbar vertebrae are ____. | oval or diamond |
| The sacrum consist of ___ vertebrae. | five fused |
| The ___ is inferior to the sacrum and articulates with it. | coccyx |
| Continuous bands of connective tissue which cover the front and back of the vertebral column are called the ___. | anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments |
| The nucleus pulposus is the ___. | inner gelatinous core of an intervertebral disc |
| The annulus fibrous is the ___. | outer, fibrocartilage layer of an intervertebral disc |
| The ___ is the inner gelatinous core of an intervertebral disc. | nucleus pulposus |
| The ___ is the outer, fibrocartilage layer of an intervertebral disc. | annulus fibrosus |
| An abnormal mediolateral curvature of the vertebral column is called ___. | scoliosis |
| An abnormal inThe twcrease in the thoracic curvature of the vertebral column is called ___. | kyphosis |
| An abnormal increase in the lumbar curvature of the vertebral column is called ___. | lordosis |
| The thoracic cage is formed from the __, __, __, and __. | thoracic vertebrae, ribs, costal cartilages, and sternum |
| The sternum is formed by the fusion of three bones; the __, __, and __. | manubrium, body, xiphoid processes |
| The 'true ribs' are so-called because ___. | they are connected directly to the sternum |
| The 'false ribs' are so-called because ___. | they do not connect directly to the sternum |
| The two false ribs which do not have an anterior connection at all are the __ ribs. | floating |
| Ribs ___ to ___ are the true ribs. | 1; 7 |
| The ___ and ___ of each rib articulates with one or more vertebrae. | head; tubercle |
| T/F An adult's skull has more bones than an infant's. | False |
| At birth, sutures are not present and the bones of the fetal skull are connected by ___. | fontanels |
| The ___ fontanel is formed at the intersection formed by the two parietal bones and the two halves of the fetal frontal bone. | frontal or anterior |
| The ___ fontanel is formed at the intersection formed by the two parietal bones and the occipital bone. | posterior |
| The ___ fontanel is formed at the intersection of a parietal bone, the occipital bone, and a temporal bone. | mastoid |
| The ___ fontanel is formed at the intersection formed by a parietal bone, the frontal bone, a temporal bone, and the sphenoid bone. | sphenoid |
| The ___ and ___ in the fetal face are unfused. | mandible; maxilla |
| T/F Only the thoracic and sacral spinal curvatures are present in the newborn. | True |
| T/F Only the lumbar and cervical spinal curvatures are present in the new born. | False |
| The ___ forms the lower part of the nasal septum and is also visible when the skull is viewed inferiorly. | vomer |
Created by:
stinsemi0043