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SS Chapter 18 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the Middle Ages, nobles and knights held power. However, as time passed, power shifted to | Popes & Kings |
| The pope was the head of the Christian church in what part of Europe | Western |
| People saw the pope as God's representative on ___ | Earth |
| The pope could cast from the church, or ______ his enemies | Excommunicate |
| In three countries, Europe, France and Holy Roman Empire ______ were the rulers. | Kings |
| Kings kept order through _____ and warfare | alliances |
| The leader of the Roman Empire was approved by the _______, so the region was also known as the Holy Roman Empire | Pope |
| Although the people of western Europe considered the pope the head of the church, _________ European people disagreed | Eastern |
| ___________IX believed that all Christians should answer to the pope, and that the pope should be the leaser of the whole Christian church | Pope Leo |
| The _________ disagreed with Pope Leo and wouldn't recognize his authority, so Pope Leo excommunicated him. | Bishop of Constantinople |
| The Eastern Orthodox Church was formed by Christians who agreed with the _______ | bishop |
| The Eastern Orthodox church was formed by Christians who agreed with the bishop and the other church members became known as the | Roman Catholic Church |
| As popes continued to try to __________ their power, they came into conflict with kings | increase |
| Pope Gregory VII came to power in ________ | Rome |
| In the Middle Ages, nobles and knights held power. However, as time passed, power shifted to | Popes & Kings |
| The pope was the head of the Christian church in what part of Europe | Western |
| People saw the pope as God's representative on ___ | Earth |
| The pope could cast from the church, or ______ his enemies | Excommunicate |
| In three countries, Europe, France and Holy Roman Empire ______ were the rulers. | Kings |
| Kings kept order through _____ and warfare | alliances |
| The leader of the Roman Empire was approved by the _______, so the region was also known as the Holy Roman Empire | Pope |
| Although the people of western Europe considered the pope the head of the church, _________ European people disagreed | Eastern |
| ___________IX believed that all Christians should answer to the pope, and that the pope should be the leaser of the whole Christian church | Pope Leo |
| The _________ disagreed with Pope Leo and wouldn't recognize his authority, so Pope Leo excommunicated him. | Bishop of Constantinople |
| The Eastern Orthodox Church was formed by Christians who agreed with the _______ | bishop |
| The Eastern Orthodox church was formed by Christians who agreed with the bishop and the other church members became known as the | Roman Catholic Church |
| As popes continued to try to __________ their power, they came into conflict with kings | increase |
| Pope Gregory VII came to power in ________ | Rome |
| No everyone was happy with the involvement of the church in politics. Among those were a group of French monks known as the | Monks of Cluny |
| The Monks of Cluny followed a _____ schedule of prayer and religious services | strict |
| The Monks of Cluny formed an order called the Cluniac monks, which is a ___________ | religious order |
| The Cluniacs were an ____ of how monks should live and new monasteries were built to follow their example | example |
| Some people felt the Cluniacs were not strict enough so new orders were formed and they practiced vows of _____ and isolation | silence |
| Woman became nuns and formed orders known as ______ | convents |
| Monks and nuns collected and stored text that explained Christian teaching and they copied these _____ and sent to other monasteries across Europe | documents |
| Dominicans and Franciscans were groups known as friars, people who belongs to religious orders but live and worked among the _______ | general public |
| Friars lived simply and wore plain robes, no shoes, owned no _________ and roamed about preaching and begging for food | property |
| The friars main goal was to teach people how to live good _____ lives | Christian |
| Because some of the people in the religious order wanted to learn more about the world, _________ were created | universities |
| Universities were created because the church's goal was to teach people about the ____________ | church |
| Most teachers at the church-created universities were _______ | clergy |
| Besides religion, the church created universities taught law, ________, astronomy and other courses | medicine |
| __________ , a Dominican philosopher, argued that rational thought could support Christian beliefs | Thomas Aquinas |
| Thomas believed that God had created a law that governed how the world operated called ____ | Natural Law |
| Throughout the MIddle Ages, religion inspired artist and architects to create beautiful works of _____ | art |
| The grandest churches were called_______, large churches where bishops led services | cathedrals |
| _______ churches were much taller than older churches and had huge windows of stained glass | Gothic |
| Paintings and tapestries were created to show respect for______ | God |
| Priest wore highly decorated______, sometimes made with threads made of gold | robes |
| Monks copied beautiful religious ____ with gold and silver that made the pages glow | books |
| In 1215 a group of nobles decided to force King John to respect their rights. They forced him to sign a document called ______, which in Latin mens "Great Charter" | Magna Carta |
| The Magna Carter granted the right of "_________" which means people could not be put in jail without a reason. Kings could not have people arrested without good cause. | habeas |
| ______ had to object the laws, even the king | everyone |
| The king's council became _____, the lawmaking body that governs England today. By the last Middle Ages kings could do little without Parliament's support | free |
| Courts became free of royal control when the king could no longer choose _________ | judges |
| The Magna Carta began the English people's movement toward ______ | democracy |
| Political change also came to France, but it came through _____ and adversity | war |
| In 1328 the King of France died without an _____. One potential king was French and the other was the king of England | heir |
| With no heir to the king of France, the Frenchman became king and upset the king of ______. The English king invaded France and began the Hundred Years; War | England |
| After nearly 100 years of fighting, the French troops were rallied by teenage peasant girl named _______ and the French drove the English out of France | Joan of Arc |
| As a result of the war the English Parliament grew ______ because the king had needed it to help pay for the war | stronger |
| While the French and the English fought the Hundred Years' War, another crisis was sweeping through Europe known as the ________, a deadly plague, moving quickly through Europe between 1347 and 1351 | Black Death |
| As parliament grew more powerful, the king began to lose ______ | power |
| In France the king's power grew____ | stronger |
| The Black Death was caused by several different forms of plague, such as ________plague | bubonic |
| The Black Death killed so many people that they were buried without priest or ___________ | ceremony |
| In some villages during the Black Death nearly everyone died or fled. One to ______ people were killed | five million |
| The _____ system fell apart because there were not enough people to work the field | manor |
| People abandoned the manors and villages and moved to the_____ | cities |
| Religious ideas that oppose accepted church teachings are called | heresy |
| People who have ideas that are believed to be heresy | heretics |
| Priest and friars were sent to find heretics and some used _____ to make people confess | force |
| Most people were found _____ and fined, put into prison, or killed | guilty |
| By the late 900's the Muslim government of _____ began to weaken | Spain |
| By 1469 Spain was _______ under the rule of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella | reunited |
| Ferdinand and Isabella wanted only _______ in their kingdom | Christians |
| To make sure that only Christianity was practiced in Ferdinand and Isabella's kingdom they created the __________-- | Spanish Inquisition |
| The Spanish Inquisition was an organization of ______ who looked for and punished non-Christians | priests |
| The priest were ruthless in their search for heretics, Muslims, and Jews. Most people found _______ were killed by being burned in public | guilty |
| Heretics and Muslims were not the only groups punished for their beliefs. European ______ also suffered at the hands of Christians who believed Jews were responsible for the death of Jesus | Jews |
| Rulers, supported by the church, forced Jews to leave their ____ | countries |
| In the Holy Roman Empire, frightened people blamed the Jews for the ___________. Jews had to flee their homes to escape angry mobs. | Death of Jesus |
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