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8th Science 1
Energy and Matter - Atoms and Periodic Table
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Period | horizontal rows of elements that have the same number of electron shells |
| Identity | the individual characteristics and behaviors by which a person or thing is recognized or identified |
| Periodic law | states that certain properties of elements repeat periodically when arranged by atomic number |
| Chemical bond | am electromagnetic attraction between two or more atoms, chemical energy is stored here |
| Periodic table | a chart devised by scientists that organizes all known elements by their atomic number |
| Group | 18 vertical columns within the periodic table that contain elements with similar properties |
| Atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, this number can be used to identify an element by name |
| Reactivity | the rate at which a chemical substance tends to undergo a chemical reaction |
| Valence electrons | electrons in the last energy level of an atom, they form the chemical bonds and determine an element’s reactivity or chemical behavior |
| Nucleus | a very dense region in the center of the atom consisting of protons and neutrons |
| Electron Cloud | region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons move in energy levels |
| Atomic Theory | John Dalton's thinking that all matter is composed of tiny, indestructible particles |
| Electron | negatively charged particles located outside the nucleus of an atom |
| Subatomic particles | the three basic particles that make up atoms |
| Atomic mass | average weight of one atom of an element |
| Atom | the building blocks of elements that combine to form molecules |
| Proton | positively-charged particles located in the nucleus of an atom |
| Neutron | particles located in the nucleus of an atom that have no electrical charge; have a neutral charge |
| Balanced Equation | when the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of a chemical equation |
| Organic compound | compounds containing carbon, such as glucose, that can be found in living things or once living things |
| Inorganic compound | Compounds that generally do not contain carbon |
| Yield | to produce or give up; in a chemical equation this is represented by an arrow |
| Subscript | a number written below the symbol to indicate the number of atoms for each element |
| Coefficient | a number placed in front of a chemical formula to indicate the number of molecules present |
| Chemical Equation | symbols and formulas used by scientists to represent a chemical reaction |
| Reactants | the raw materials in a chemical reaction, found on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation |
| Products | substances produced by a chemical reaction, found on the right side of the arrow in a chemical reaction |
| Metals | elements that can be shiny, pounded into shapes (malleable), stretched into wires (ductile), and used to conduct heat and electricity |
| Non-metals | elements, such as carbon and oxygen, on the right-side of the periodic table; they are dull, brittle, and poor conductor |
| Metalloids | elements that have properties o both metals and non-metals; they are listed on a zigzag line on the table of chemical elements |
| Element | a pure substance, such as carbon, that cannot be broken into a simpler substance |
| Compound | a substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically compound, such as sodium chloride (salt) |
| Chemical symbol | one or two letters that represent an element; the first letteris always capitalized, he second letter is lowercase |
Created by:
YoungbloodScience