The DNA on chromosomes is arranged in segments called genes that control the production of proteins.

Homologous Chromosome

The chromosomes that make up a pair, one chromosome from each parent, are called Homologous chromosomes.

In order to maintain the same chromosome number from generation to generation, an organism produces gametes, which are sex cells that have half the number of chromosomes.

A cell with n number of chromosomes is called a haploid cell.

The process by which one haploid gamete combines with another haploid gamete is called fertilization.

A cell that contains 2n number of chromosomes is called a diploid cell.

Gametes are formed during a process called meiosis, which is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes; therefore, it is referred to as a reduction division.

Crossing over is a process during which chromosomal segments are exchanged between a pair of homologous chromosomes.

The study of genetics, which is the science of heredity, began with mendel, who is regarded as the father of genetics.

An allele is defined as an alternative form of a single gene passed from generation to generation.

He called the form of the trait that was masked in the F1 generation.

Recessive in the cross between yellow seed plants and green seed plants, the yellow seed was dominant form of the trait and he green seed was the recessive form of the trait.

An organism with two of the same alleles for a particular trait is Homozygous (ho muh ZI gus) for that trait.

Heterozygous (heh tuh roh ZY gus) for that trait, in this case Yy.

The organism's allele pairs are called its genotype.

THe observable characteristic or outward expression of an allele pair is called the phenotype.

Mendel's law of segregation states that the two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis.

These heterozygous organisms are called hybrids.

Law of independent assortment

Form these results, he developed the law of independent assortment, which states that a random distribution of alleles occurs during gamete formation.

Genetic Recombination

The new combination of genes produced by crossing over and independent is called genetic recombination.

Polyploidy is the occurrence of one or more extra sets of all chromosomes in an organism.

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Chapter 10

vocabulary

Term	Definition
Gene	The DNA on chromosomes is arranged in segments called genes that control the production of proteins.
Homologous Chromosome	The chromosomes that make up a pair, one chromosome from each parent, are called Homologous chromosomes.
Gamete	In order to maintain the same chromosome number from generation to generation, an organism produces gametes, which are sex cells that have half the number of chromosomes.
Haploid	A cell with n number of chromosomes is called a haploid cell.
Fertilization	The process by which one haploid gamete combines with another haploid gamete is called fertilization.
Diploid	A cell that contains 2n number of chromosomes is called a diploid cell.
Meiosis	Gametes are formed during a process called meiosis, which is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes; therefore, it is referred to as a reduction division.
Crossing over	Crossing over is a process during which chromosomal segments are exchanged between a pair of homologous chromosomes.
Genetics	The study of genetics, which is the science of heredity, began with mendel, who is regarded as the father of genetics.
Allele	An allele is defined as an alternative form of a single gene passed from generation to generation.
Dominant	He called the form of the trait that was masked in the F1 generation.
Recessive	Recessive in the cross between yellow seed plants and green seed plants, the yellow seed was dominant form of the trait and he green seed was the recessive form of the trait.
Homozygous	An organism with two of the same alleles for a particular trait is Homozygous (ho muh ZI gus) for that trait.
Heterozygous	Heterozygous (heh tuh roh ZY gus) for that trait, in this case Yy.
Genotype	The organism's allele pairs are called its genotype.
Phenotype	THe observable characteristic or outward expression of an allele pair is called the phenotype.
Law of segregation	Mendel's law of segregation states that the two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis.
Hybrid	These heterozygous organisms are called hybrids.
Law of independent assortment	Form these results, he developed the law of independent assortment, which states that a random distribution of alleles occurs during gamete formation.
Genetic Recombination	The new combination of genes produced by crossing over and independent is called genetic recombination.
Polyploidy	Polyploidy is the occurrence of one or more extra sets of all chromosomes in an organism.

Created by: ramzeesimmons

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