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Great Depression
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| John Steinbeck | Wrote about the suffering of migrant families in the "Grapes of Wrath." |
| Hooverville | Make-shift shanty towns that appeared on the outskirts of town during the Depression. |
| Great Depression | Caused by over-production, high tariffs, speculation, and banking practices. |
| Dust Bowl | series of droughts in the Great Plains area which created one of the worst natural disasters in US history |
| Brain Trust | group of talented people from leading American universities that helped advise FDR on economic policy |
| Civilian Conservation Corp | gave jobs to young men, such as planting trees and cleaning up forests, lived in camps sent money home to family |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | elected President in 1932, increased government’s role in running the economy |
| Social Security Act | provided safety net for workers with unemployment insurance, old age pensions, and insurance. |
| New Deal | FDR’s plan for lifting the nation out of depression |
| Dorothea Lange | recorded the misery of people in the depression through her photography |
| Tennessee Valley Authority | built 21 government dams along the Tennessee River to provide flood relief and electricity |
| Securities & Exchange Commission | created to watch over the stock market , prevent fraud and guard against another stock market crash |
| Banking Holiday | closing of all banks until inspectors could determine that the bank was financially stable |
| Stock Market Crash | Oct. 29, 1929. Considered the start of the Great Depression. |
| Priming the Pump | pouring money into the economy to stimulate consumer buying therefore helping put people back to work |
| Dr. Francis Townsend | Dr. who wanted government to give all citizens 65 yrs. and older a pension of $200 a month to help stimulate the economy |
| Fireside Chats | sign of leadership by President to speak directly to the American people on a weekly basis |
| 3 R's | goal of the New Deal; Relief, Recovery, Reform |
| Court-Packing Plan | FDR proposed to appoint additional justices for every justice over the age of 70,heavily criticized for the plan |
| Schecter Poultry v. United States | the Supreme Court ruled that even in times of crisis Congress could not grant the President more powers than those given in the Constitution. |
| National Recovery Admin | asked businesses to voluntarily follow codes for wages, production and prices. Declared unconstitutional |
| Mexican Repatriation | half a million Mexican-American workers were forcibly sent back to Mexico |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | insured bank deposits to restore people’s confidence in the nation’s banks |
| Father Coughlin | used radio to criticize FDR policies as helping make rich richer and poor poorer, called for nationalizing banks and utilities |
| Federal Reserve Board | created to control the flow of currency in the market helping to reduce major swings in the inflation rate |
| Huey Long | Former Louisiana Governor and US Senator critical of FDR for not doing enough to help the poor |
| Agricultural Adjustment Act | paid farmers for surplus crops and stored them in warehouses until prices recovered |
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rkrauseemhs