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weathing and erosion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| weathering | wear away or change the appearance or texture of (something) by long exposure to the air. |
| Erosion | the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents. |
| Physical weathering | any of the various weathering processes that cause physical disintegration of exposed rock without any change in the chemical composition of the rock: Collision between rock surfaces can cause mechanical weathering. |
| Chemical weathering | the erosion or disintegration of rocks, building materials, etc., caused by chemical reactions (chiefly with water and substances dissolved in it) rather than by mechanical processes. |
| frost action | Frost action is an effective form of mechanical weathering. When water trickles down into fractures and pores of rock, then freezes, its volume increases by almost 10 percent. |
| soil | the upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles. "blueberries need very acid soil" |
| humus | the organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms. |
| Soil horizon | A soil horizon is a layer generally parallel to the soil crust, whose physical characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath. |
| zone of aeration | Zone of Aeration (vadose zone or unsaturated zone) the zone between the land surface and the water table in which the pore spaces between soil and rock particles contain water, air, and/or other gases. |
| leaf litter | material forming a surface-covering layer, in particular. |
| topsoil | the top layer of soil. |
| sediments | matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; dregs. |
| Depostition | the action of deposing someone, especially a monarch. |
| Discharge | tell (someone) officially that they can or must leave, in particular. |
| glacier action | a slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles. |
| bedrock | solid rock underlying loose deposits such as soil or alluvium. |
| aquifer | a body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater. |
| Terrace | a level paved area or platform next to a building; a patio or veranda. |
| runoffs | a further competition, election, race, etc., after a tie or inconclusive result. |
| karst topography | Karst topography is a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum |
| watershed | an area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas. |
| suspended soils | Suspended solids refers to small solid particles which remain in suspension in water as a colloid or due to the motion of the water. It is used as one indicator of water quality. |