Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Sociology Test 1 BAC
Chapter 3 Key Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Achieved Status | A social position attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts. |
| Agrarian Society | The most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society, in which members are engaged primarily in the production of food but increase their crop yields through technological innovations such as the plow. |
| Ascribed Status | A social position that is assigned to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics. |
| Bureaucracy | A component of formal organization in which rules and hierarchical ranking are used to achieve efficiently. |
| Classical Theory | An approach to the study of formal organizations in which workers reviewed as being motivated almost entirely by economic rewards. |
| Formal Organization | A group designed for a special purpose and structured for maximum efficiency. |
| Gemeinschaft | A term used by Ferdinand Tonnies to describe a small, close - knit community, often found in a rural area, in which strong personal bonds entire members. |
| Gesellschaft | A term used by Ferdinand Tonnies to describe a community, often urban, that is large and impersonal, with little commitment to the group or consensus on values. |
| Goal Displacement | Within a bureaucracy, overzealous conformity to official regulations. |
| Group | Any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis. |
| Horticultural Society | A preindustrial society in which people plant seeds and crops rather than merely subsist on available foods. |
| Human Relations Approach | A approach to the study of formal organization that emphasizes then role of people, communication, and participation within a bureaucracy and tends to focus on informal groups. |
| Hunting and Gathering Society | A preindustrial society in which people rely on what ever foods and fibers are readily available in order to survive. |
| Ideal Type | A construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated. |
| Industrial Society | A society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services. |
| In - Group | Any group or category to which people feel they belong. |
| Master Status | A states that dominates others and thereby determines a person's general position within society. |
| Mechanical Solidarity | A collective consciousness that emphasizes group solidarity, characteristic of societies with minimal division of labor. |
| Organic Solidarity | A collective consciousness that rests on mutual interdependence, characteristic of societies with a complex division of labor. |
| Out - Group | A group or category to which people feel they do not belong. |
| Peter Principle | A principle of organizational life originated by Laurence J. Peter, according to which every employee within hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence. |
| Postindustrial Society | A society whose economic system is engaged primarily in the processing and control of information. |
| Postmodern Society | A technologically sophisticated society that is preoccupied with consumer goods and media images. |
| Primary Group | A small group characterized by intimate, face to face association and cooperation. |
| Reference Group | Any group that individuals use as a standard in evaluating themselves and their own behavior. |
| Role Conflict | The situation that occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social problems held by the same person. |
| Role Strain | The situation that occurs when the same social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations. |
| Scientific Management Approach | Another name for the classical theory of formal organizations. |
| Secondary Group | A formal, impersonal groupie which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding. |
| Social Institution | AN organized pattern of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs. |
| Social Interaction | The ways in which people respond to one another. |
| Social Network | A series of social relationships that links a person directly to others, and through them, indirectly to still more people. |
| Social Role | A set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status. |
| Social Structure | The way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships. |
| Sociocultural Evolution | Long term social trends resulting from interplay of continuity, innovation, and selection. |
| Status | A term used by sociologists to refer to any of the full range of socially defined positions within a large group or society. |
| Technology | Cultural information about the ways in which the material resources of the environment may be used to satisfy human needs or desires. |
| Trained Incapacity | The tendency of workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop bind spots and fail to notice obvious problems. |
Created by:
beth96