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Biology 211L
Study for Practical 2: fungi, seedless plants, seed plants
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In total how many cells make up the female gametophyte? | 7 cells |
| What structure in a flower develops into a seed? | ovule |
| What structure in a flower develops into a fruit? | ovary |
| What is the ploidy level of the integuments in an angiosperm? | 2N |
| What does the megasporocyte develop into? | a female gametophyte |
| Are sperm produced in the pollen tube by mitosis or meiosis? | mitosis |
| Are pollen grains unicellular or multicellular? | multicellular when producing male gametophyte, uniceullular for microspores |
| What type of cell division produced the microspores? | meiosis |
| What is the function of petals in many plant species? | protection, attract/repel pollinators |
| Which part of the pistil produces ovules? | ovary |
| Which part of the stamen has specialized cells that undergo meiosis? | anther |
| What does the megasporocyte develop into? | female gametophyte |
| What is the ploidy level of the megasporangium? | 2N |
| What is the relationship between micropyles and pollen grains? | The micropyle allows the pollen to enter the ovule for fertilization. |
| What do integuments develop into? | the coating of the seed |
| Do ovulate cones produce male or female gametes? | female |
| What is the ploidy level of pollen grains? Are they unicellular or multicellular? | 1N, unicellular for microspores, multicellular for male gametophytes |
| What type of cell division produces microspores? | meiosis |
| What is the function of xylem tissue? | water conduction, mechanical support, storage |
| What is the function of the cuticle? | It reduces water lost by evaporation |
| What is the common name for members of Phylum Anthophyta? | flowering plants |
| What is the common name for members of Phylum Pinophyta? | conifers |
| What is the common name for members of Phylum Anthophyta? | flowering plants |
| What is the common name for members of Phylum Ginkgophyta? | ginkgoes |
| What is the common name for members of Phylum Cycadophyta? | cycads |
| How is the xylem tissue similar to, and distinct from, hydroids? | They both conduct water, but xylem is more advanced and has lignen. |
| Approximately how long have ferns been present on Planet Earth? | 360 million years |
| What does the archegonium produce? | eggs, and eggs are sometimes fertilized there to make female gametophytes |
| How do fern sperm get from the antheridia to the egg? | they swim down the archegonia stem |
| What type of cell division produces spores in fern sporangia? | meiosis |
| What multicellular structures are produced by the sorus? | spores |
| How does a fern gametophyte obtain the food it requires? | photosynthesis |
| What group of protists looks most similar to moss protonema? | Oedogonium |
| What is the ploidy level of peristome teeth? | 2N |
| What is the ploidy level of spores in Phylum Bryophyta? | 1N |
| How does a moss sporophyte obtain the water and food it requires? | the mother plant provides the minerals |
| What does the antheridium produce? | male gametes (sperm) |
| What type of cell devision produces the gametes in the archegonium? | mitosis |
| What do hydroids do? | conduct water and minerals |
| What does the sporophyte produce by meiosis? | haploid spores |
| What is the relatinoship between the antheridium and the antheridiophore? | antheridiophore produces antheridium |
| What is the relationship between an archegonium and an archegoniophore? | archegoniophores produce archegonia on liverworts |
| What do pores do? | allow gas to pass in and out of Hepaticophytes (lead into air pockets) |
| What do gemmae do? | Uses asexual reproduction to detach from parent and develop new individual |
| Is the gametophyte, sporophyte, or both nutritionally independent in Phylum Pteridophyta? | both |
| Is the gametophyte, sporophyte, or both nutritionally independent in Phylum Bryophyta? | sporophyte |
| Is the gametophyte, sporophyte, or both nutritionally independent in Phylum Hepaticophyta? | sporophyte |
| What is the common name for members of Phylum Pteridophyta? | ferns |
| What is the common name for members of Phylum Bryophyta? | mosses |
| What is the common name for members of Phylum Hepaticophyta? | liverworts |
| How does the fungal component of a lichen obtain its food? | from the photoynthetic algal partner |
| What is the relationship between an ascocarp and an apothecium? | an apothecium is a cup-like ascocarp |
| What is the function of soredia? | reproduction |
| What type of spores are produced when the fungal component of a lichen reproduces sexually? | diaspores |
| Photosynthesis in most lichens is carried out by which group of organisms? | green algae |
| Most lichens include members of which phylum of fungi? | ascomycota |
| How does a mycelium obtain food? | external digestion and facilitated diffusion of monomers |
| What is the relationship between gills and basidiospores? | gills produce basidia which produce basidiospores |
| What type of cell division gives rise to basidiospores? | meiosis |
| What do basidia produce? | sexual spores: basidiospores |
| What is the relationship between an ascocarp and a mycelium? | ascocarp is a sac-like fruiting body that obtains its nutrients from a 1N mycelium |
| What ploidy level occurs inside an ascus that occurs nowhere else in the ascomycete life cycle? | diploid |
| Ascospores are produced inside of what structures? | asci inside of ascocarps |
| What type of cell division results in the production of spores by conidiophores? | mitosis |
| What is the distinguishing feature of spetate hyphae? What are the two possible ploidy levels of these hyphae? | They are separated into sections; haploid and diploid |
| What is the ploidy level of the spores produced in the sporangium? | 1N |
| What is the distinguishing feature of aseptate (coenocytic) hyphae? What is the ploidy level of these hyphae? | They have no separations; haploid |
| What events occur in the zygosporangium? | haploid nuclei fuse and produce many diploid nuclei |
| What is the common name for members of the Phylum Basidiomycota? | club fungi |
| What is the common name for members of the Phylum Ascomycota? | sac fungi |
| Do members of the Phylum Zygomycota reproduce sexually or asexually? | both |
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